Acyclic Organic Carbonates

Using any monosubstituted cyclic molecule, any monosubsti-tuted acyclic organic molecule containing no more than four carbons and any inorganic reagent, prepare the following ... 

Answer Since the desired product contains seven carbons and we are allowed to use acyclic organic molecules containing no more than four carbons, yes, we must add carbon atoms. 

The chemical produced in the greatest amount through CO2 utilization is urea. According to the international fertilization association, 157 million tons of urea were produced in 2010. Other chemicals produced through CO2 utilization are cyclic carbonates, acyclic carbonates, polyalkylene carbonates, Asahi Kasei polycarbonates, carbamic acid esters, oxazolidinones, polyurethanes, carboxylic acids and esters, lactones, formic acid, and methanol. The amounts of various organic chemicals produced through carbon dioxide utilization throughout the world are shown in Table 9.3 [88]. 

By acyclic (pronounced a -cyclic), we mean not cyclic. Acyclic organic molecules have chains of carbon atoms but no rings. As we have seen, the chains maybe unbranched or branched. 

The reaction of CO2 with M-OR (R = alkyl, aryl) bonds is of industrial interest as it is related to the synthesis of molecular organic carbonates and polycarbonates based on the direct carboxylation of substrates such as alcohol, polyols, and epoxides. In this paragraph the kinetics and thermodynamics of the elementary step (4.18) are discussed, and the synthesis of organic carbonates (acyclic and cyclic) is discussed in Chap. 6. 

In acyclic organic compounds, the carbon atoms are joined together in chains. This arrangement contrasts with the other two structural groups, the isocyclic and heterocyclic compounds in which the carbon atoms are joined together in rings (see Sections 2.2.2 and 2.2.3). As Table 2.3 shows. 

The potential synthetic utility of titanium-based olefin metathesis and related reactions is evident from the extensive documentation outlined above. Titanium carbene complexes react with organic molecules possessing a carbon—carbon or carbon—oxygen double bond to produce, as metathesis products, a variety of acyclic and cyclic unsaturated compounds. Furthermore, the four-membered titanacydes formed by the reactions of the carbene complexes with alkynes or nitriles serve as useful reagents for the preparation of functionalized compounds. Since various types of titanium carbene complexes and their equivalents are now readily available, these reactions constitute convenient tools available to synthetic chemists. 

The largest main-chain (backbone) segment of the constitutional repeating unit that can be named as a single unit under organic nomenclature rules [4, 5], This may be a ring or ring system, a heteroatom or a heteroatom chain or an acyclic carbon chain. 

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