Carbon trichlorid

Synonyms AI3-00633 AIDS-166926 Avlothane BRN 1740341 Carbon hexachloride Carbon trichloride Caswell No. 479 CCRIS 330 Distokal Distopan Distopin Egitol EINECS 200-666-4 EPA pesticide code 045201 Ethane hexachloride Ethylene hexachloride Falkitol Fasciolin HCE 1,1,1,2,2,2-Hexachloroethane Hexachloroethylene Mottenhexe NA 9037 NCI-C04604 NSC 9224 Perchloroethane Phenohep RCRA waste number U131 UN 9037. 

By the continued action of Cl in the sunshine upon ethyl chlorid, oruponethene chlorid, CsH4,Cls, a white, crystalline solid, iHexachloTethane or carbon trichlorid, CjClg, is produced. It is insoluble in HaO, soluble in alcdhol and in ether, has an aromatic odor, fuses at 160° (320° F.), and boils at 182° (359°.6 F.). 

Carbon tetrafluoride. See Tetrafluoromethane Carbon trichloride. See Hexachloroethane Carbon trifluoride. See Trifluoromethane 5,5 -Carbonylbis 1,3-isobenzofurandione 4,4 -Carbonylbis (phthalic anhydride). See 3,3, 4,4 -Benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride... 

Synonyms Carbon hexachloride Carbon trichloride Ethane hexachloride Ethylene hexachloride 1,1,1,2,2,2-Hexachloroethane Hexachloroethylene Perchloroethane Classification Nonaromatic halogenated hydrocarbon Empirical C2CI6 Formula CCI3CCI3... 

Both boron and aluminium chlorides can be prepared by the direct combination of the elements. Boron trichloride can also be prepared by passing chlorine gas over a strongly heated mixture of boron trioxide and carbon. Like boron trifluoride, this is a covalent compound and a gas at ordinary temperature and pressure (boiling point 285 K). It reacts vigorously with water, the mechanism probably involving initial co-ordination of a water molecule (p, 152). and hydrochloric acid is obtained ... 

Chlorine reacts with most elements, both metals and non-metals except carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, forming chlorides. Sometimes the reaction is catalysed by a trace of water (such as in the case of copper and zinc). If the element attacked exhibits several oxidation states, chlorine, like fluorine, forms compounds of high oxidation state, for example iron forms iron(III) chloride and tin forms tin(IV) chloride. Phosphorus, however, forms first the trichloride, PCI3, and (if excess chlorine is present) the pentachloride PCI5. 

The nitration of sensitive compounds with dinitrogen pentoxide has the advantage of avoiding the use of strong acids or aqueous conditions this has been exploited in the nitration of benzylidyne trichloride and benzoyl chloride, which reacted in carbon tetrachloride smoothly and without hydrolysis. 

Ethylene Aluminum trichloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorine, nitrogen oxides, tetrafluo-roethylene... 

Hafnium Boride. Hafnium diboride [12007-23-7] HfB2, is a gray crystalline soHd. It is usually prepared by the reaction of hafnium oxide with carbon and either boron oxide or boron carbide, but it can also be prepared from mixtures of hafnium tetrachloride, boron trichloride, and hydrogen above 2000°C, or by direct synthesis from the elements. Hafnium diboride is attacked by hydrofluoric acid but is resistant to nearly all other reagents at room temperature. Hafnium dodecaboride [32342-52-2] has been prepared by direct synthesis from the elements (56). 

Niobium Pent chloride. Niobium pentachloride can be prepared in a variety of ways but most easily by direct chlorination of niobium metal. The reaction takes place at 300—350°C. Chlorination of a niobium pentoxide—carbon mixture also yields the pentachloride however, generally the latter is contaminated with niobium oxide trichloride. The pentachloride is a lemon-yeUow crystalline soHd that melts to a red-orange Hquid and hydrolyzes readily to hydrochloric acid and niobic acid. It is soluble in concentrated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, sulfur monochloride, and many organic solvents. 

Manufacture. Phosphoms pentachloride is manufactured by either batch or continuous processing. In the former, the phosphoms trichloride usually dissolves in carbon tetrachloride before being treated with chlorine. A mixture of ca one part of phosphoms trichloride to one part of carbon tetrachloride is introduced to a water-jacketed vessel that contains an efficient stirrer and a tight cover with a redux condenser. The chlorine is passed into the vessel below the Hquid level, and crystals of phosphoms pentachloride form in the Hquid. When the reaction is completed, the suspension of crystals of phosphoms pentachloride in the carbon tetrachloride is drawn out of the vessel and the crystals are filtered and then dried by circulating hot water through the jacket of the filter. The clarified carbon tetrachloride is returned to the reaction vessel. 

Phosphoms trichloride and pentachloride form sodium chloride and sodium phosphide, respectively, in the presence of sodium. Phosphoms oxychloride, POCl, when heated with sodium, explodes. Carbon disulfide reacts violendy, forming sodium sulfide. Sodium amide (sodamide), NaNH2, is formed by the reaction of ammonia gas with Hquid sodium. SoHd sodium reacts only superficially with Hquid sulfur dioxide but molten sodium and gaseous... 

Cyclopentadienyltitanium Compounds with Other Carbon Titanium Links. Cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride and, particularly, CpgTiClg react with RLi or with RAl compounds to form one or more R—Ti bonds. As noted, the Cp groups stabilize the Ti—R bond considerably against thermal decomposition, although the sensitivity to air and moisture remains. Depending on the temperature, mole ratio, and stmcture of R, reduction of Ti(IV) may be a serious side reaction, which often has preparative value for Cp Ti(Ill) compounds (268,274,275). 

Halides and Oxyhalides. Vanadium(V) oxytrichloride is prepared by chloriaation of V20 mixed with charcoal at red heat. The tetrachloride (VCl is prepared by chlorinating cmde metal at 300°C and freeing the Hquid from dissolved chlorine by repeated freezing and evacuation. It now is made by chlorinating V20 or VOCl ia the presence of carbon at ca 800°C. Vanadium trichloride (VCl ) can be prepared by heating VCl ia a stream of CO2 or by reaction of vanadium metal with HCl. 

Arsenic tribromide (arsenic(III) bromide), AsBr, is similar to the trichloride. The dielectric constant at 35°C is 8.33. The compound is usually made by treating arsenic with a solution of bromine in carbon disulfide. 

Preparation. Hexagonal boron nitride can be prepared by heating boric oxide with ammonia, or by heating boric oxide, boric acid, or its salts with ammonium chloride, alkaU cyanides, or calcium cyanamide at atmospheric pressure. Elemental nitrogen does not react with boric oxide even in the presence of carbon, though it does react with elemental boron at high temperatures. Boron nitride obtained from the reaction of boron trichloride or boron trifluoride with ammonia is easily purified. 

For the chlor-alkali industry, an emergency preparedness and response plan is mandatory for potential uncontrolled chlorine and other releases. Carbon tetrachloride is sometimes used to scrub nitrogen trichloride (formed in the process) and to maintain its levels below 4% to avoid fire and explosion. Substitutes for carbon tetrachloride may have to be used, as the use of carbon tetrachloride may be banned in the near future due to its carcinogenicity. 

These formulae explain the scission products of the two alkaloids and the conversion of evodiamine into rutaecarpine, and were accepted by Asahina. A partial synthesis of rutaecarpine was effected by Asahina, Irie and Ohta, who prepared the o-nitrobenzoyl derivative of 3-)3-amino-ethylindole-2-carboxylic acid, and reduced this to the corresponding amine (partial formula I), which on warming with phosphorus oxychloride in carbon tetrachloride solution furnished rutaecarpine. This synthesis was completed in 1928 by the same authors by the preparation of 3-)S-amino-ethylindole-2-carboxylic acid by the action of alcoholic potassium hydroxide on 2-keto-2 3 4 5-tetrahydro-3-carboline. An equally simple synthesis was effected almost simultaneously by Asahina, Manske and Robinson, who condensed methyl anthranilate with 2-keto-2 3 4 5-tetrahydro-3-carboline (for notation, see p. 492) by the use of phosphorus trichloride (see partial formulae II). Ohta has also synthesised rutaecarpine by heating a mixture of 2-keto-2 3 4 5-tetrahydrocarboline with isatoic anhydride at 195° for 20 minutes. 

Alcohol attack generates an unstable intermediate that undergoes nucleophilic attack by CL at carbon. Compare electrostatic potential maps of methanol, thionyl chloride intermediate, and phosphorus trichloride intermediate. What features of these maps are consistent with an electrophilic reactive intermediate ... 

Write the formulas for the following compounds and give the weight of one mole of each carbon disulfide, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trichloride, osmium tetroxide. 

Assay Methods. A Na carbonate fusion prod is currently used for assay of mil grade AP (see below under Specifications), but recently attempts have been made to replace it with a method which is faster and simpler to carry out. Two procs have been proposed a) Titanous Chloride Titration. A measured excess of Ti trichloride is added to a known weight of AP which reacts according to the equation ... 

Acetyl chloride (60 mmol) was added dropwise with stirring to an ice-cold mixture of 2-trimethylsilyltoluene (60 mmol) and aluminium trichloride (60mmol) in carbon disulphide (60 ml). Stirring was continued for 3h at 0-5 °C, and then the reaction mixture was poured on to ice-cold dilute HCI. 

The reaction of the end OH group of the oleylamide of A-hydroxyethyl-diethylentriamine with phosphorus trichloride and water in the presence of carbon tetrachloride yielding a primary phosphorus acid ester [63], as is shown in Eq. (74), is a typical reaction of this type. 

Boron trichloride, BCI3, which is also widely used as a catalyst, is produced commercially by the action of chlorine gas on the oxide in the presence of carbon ... 

Here are the correct names sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, boron trichloride, and bromine pentafluoride. 

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