Carbon monoxide poisoning experiments

In another experiment butyraldehyde was treated with a benzene solution of dicobalt octacarbonyl at 158° with 2000 psi initial hydrogen pressure in the absence of carbon monoxide. No hydrogenation of the butyraldehyde occurred. The carbonyl was reduced to cobalt, which did not function as a catalyst because of carbon monoxide poisoning. 

Shillito FH, Drinker CK, Shaughnessy TJ The problem of nervous and mental sequelae in carbon monoxide poisoning. JAMA 106 669-674, 1936 Smith JS, Brandon S Acute carbon monoxide poisoning—3 years experience in a defined population. Postgrad Med J 46 65-70, 1970 Smith JS, Brandon S Morbidity from acute carbon monoxide poisoning at three-year follow-up. BMJ 1 318-321, 1973... 

A sophisticated quantitative analysis of experimental data was performed by Voltz et al. (96). Their experiment was performed over commercially available platinum catalysts on pellets and monoliths, with temperatures and gaseous compositions simulating exhaust gases. They found that carbon monoxide, propylene, and nitric oxide all exhibit strong poisoning effects on all kinetic rates. Their data can be fitted by equations of the form ... 

As noted above, the butyraldehyde was reduced to the alcohol in these experiments when no carbon monoxide was added and when 1000 psi was added, but not when 300 psi was added. When no carbon monoxide was present the reduction was catalyzed by the metallic cobalt. When the 1000 psi carbon monoxide was used, it was presumed that the reaction was homogeneous, soluble dicobalt octacarbonyl or cobalt hydrocarbonyl being the catalyst. It is known, however, that at 150° a carbon monoxide pressure of at least 600 psi is needed to keep [Co(CO)4U from decomposing to cobalt metal. When only 300 psi of carbon monoxide was present, therefore, the cobalt would remain as metal and be inactive because it was poisoned by the carbon monoxide. 

We thank Ms Emily Gibson for compiling and checking references. This article is dedicated to the memory of Professor John Sanderson Haldane, FRS (1861-1936), who conducted experiments on himself with poisonous carbon monoxide to save the life of miners, and whose laws on the exchange of gases remain valid even today. 

The electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol has been investigated for many years on different platinum-based electrodes, including Pt/X alloys (with X = Ru, Sn, Mo, etc ), and dispersed nanocatalysts. Pme platinum smooth electrodes are rapidly poisoned by some strongly adsorbed intermediates, such as carbon monoxide, resulting from the dissociative chemisorption of the molecule, as shown by the first experiments in infrared reflectance spectroscopy (EMIRS). Both kinds of adsorbed CO, either linearly-bonded or bridge-bonded to the platinum surface, are observed. Besides, oth-... 

Carbon Monoxide. It was found that 20 p.p.m. of carbon monoxide do not interfere with the operation or sensitivity of the analyzer. This result is surprising, because the catalyst used in this study (Hopcalite) is also used to detect carbon monoxide in a device manufactured by the Mine Safety Appliances Co. However, the catalyst must be carefully dried prior to use in order to decompose any carbon monoxide present. The inertness of the ozone detector to carbon monoxide in these experiments may be attributed to the poisoning of the catalyst by the water vapor normally present in the atmosphere. 

Furthermore, the phosphine-dihydrooxazole hgands show an unusual behavior with respect to ethene and styrene. The productivity of those systems is larger for styrene than for ethene under equal reactions conditions nevertheless, in the terpolymerization experiments ethene, and not styrene, is prevailingly inserted. Considering that ethene was inserted more rapidly than styrene into model acetyl complexes [103], the poisoning" effect of ethene can be explained by assuming that ethene is coordinated more easily, without rapid olefin dissociation, and that rate-determining carbon monoxide insertion into the two different alkyl intermediates occurs. 

Carbon monoxide is among the leading causes of death from poisonings. Subsequent to the experiments of Haldane, 1 ata oxygen alone or in com-... 

A fast, reliable, and specialized CFD model for PEM fuel cell simulation can be very useful in fuel cell design optimization and operation control. In this project, a unified PEM fuel cell simulation model has been successfully established. This project started in FY 2000 with 2-D single-phase models. In FY 2001, the 2-D models were successfully transformed into a unified 3-D model for hydrogen feed. In FY 2002, this established 3-D model was extended to include reformate feed, accounting for the poisonous effect of carbon monoxide as well as the dilution effect of the reformate gas stream on the anode side. Based on this 3-D model with the geometry of a single fuel cell, a preliminary stack model was established. Extensive experiments in our lab and industry interactions were carried out to improve and calibrate the computation model. 

Modem day napalm is harder to ignite. It is made up of polystyrene 46%, gasoline 33% and benzene 21%. Napalm bums are very deep and the pain from the bums is terrible. Over 85% of bum victims experience fourth or fifth degree bums to deepest hypodermic layer and muscle respectively. First degree burn (on the outer skin only) is rare because of the adhesive nature of napalm that sticks to the skin. The secondary effects from napalm include bum in the upper part of the windpipe from heat fumes, poisoning from carbon monoxide, shock, mental disorder and nervous prostration. 

---