Lustrous carbon

Iodine is a bluish-black, lustrous solid, volatizing at ordinary temperatures into a blue-violet gas with an irritating odor it forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form beautiful purple solutions. It is only slightly soluble in water. 

By heating the diacetyl compound with sodium hydroxide solution partial saponification of the acetyl groups takes place. 25.6 grams of diacetyl compound are heated to boiling for some hours with 100 cc of 2 N sodium hydroxide solution. The precipitate produced by acidification of the solution with acetic acid is filtered off and treated with dilute sodium carbonate solution. The 4-aminobenzene-sulfonacetylamide passes into solution while the simultaneously formed 4-acetylaminobenzene-sulfonamide remains undissolved. It is filtered with suction and the filtrate again acidified with acetic acid. The 4-aminobenzene-sulfon-acetamide separates out and is recrystallized from water. It forms colorless lustrous rhombic crystals Of MP 1B1°C. 

Graphite, the most important component of the lead of pencils, is a black, lustrous, electrically conducting solid that vaporizes at 1700°C. It consists of flat sheets of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms bonded covalently into hexagons like chicken wire (Fig. 5.22). There are also weak bonds between the sheets. In the commercially available forms of graphite, there are many impurity atoms trapped between the sheets these atoms weaken the already weak intersheet bonds and let... 

We can understand the differences in properties between the carbon allotropes by comparing their structures. Graphite consists of planar sheets of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms in a hexagonal network (Fig. 14.29). Electrons are free to move from one carbon atom to another through a delocalized Tr-network formed by the overlap of unhybridized p-orbitals on each carbon atom. This network spreads across the entire plane. Because of the electron delocalization, graphite is a black, lustrous, electrically conducting solid indeed, graphite is used as an electrical conductor in industry and as electrodes in electrochemical cells and batteries. Its... 

Chromium, Cr, is a bright, lustrous, corrosion-resistant metal. Its name, which comes from the Greek word for color, was inspired by its colorful compounds. The metal is obtained from the mineral chromite, FeCr204, by reduction with carbon in an electric arc furnace ... 

On February 28, 1935, Carothers project succeeded beyond anyone s wildest dreams. The cheerful, lively Frenchman Berchet produced a superpolymer made from chemicals derived from cheap benzene, a by-product of coal later they would be made from petroleum. A filament teased from Berchet s polymer was, despite its lowly origins, pearly and lustrous. And when it was tested, it proved to be spinnable. Its code name was 6-6 because both its reactants—hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid—had six carbon atoms. Technically, the filament was polyhexamethylene adipamide, a long-chain polymer similar in structure to proteins. It became world-famous as nylon. 

Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal which tarnishes in air. It is present in the earth s crust as sulfide (sphalerite), carbonate, or silicate ores, to the extent of only 78 ppm, making it the 23rd most abundant element.2 The metal is obtained from its ores by roasting and subsequent reduction with coke or by electrolysis. Approximately 8.36 million metric tons of zinc were produced worldwide in 2002 of this amount, two-thirds were from ores, while one-third was obtained from recycled zinc.3 The ease of mining and refining of the ore and the subsequent low price of the metal (ca. 1.2 kg-1 in 1998)3 have made zinc the third most popular non-ferrous metal (after aluminum and copper). 

Nickel is a silver-white, lustrous, hard, malleable, ductile, ferromagnetic metal that is relatively resistant to corrosion and is a fair conductor of heat and electricity. Nickel is a ubiquitous trace metal that occurs in soil, water, air, and in the biosphere. The average content in the earth s crust is about 0.008%. Nickel ore deposits are accumulations of nickel sulfide minerals (mostly pentlandite) and laterites. Nickel exists in five major forms elemental nickel and its alloys inorganic, water-soluble compounds (e.g., nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, and nickel nitrate) inorganic, water-insoluble compounds (e.g., nickel carbonate, nickel sulfide, and nickel oxide) organic, water-insoluble compounds and nickel carbonyl Ni(CO). ... 

The gray metallic form of selenium is its most stable modification. It constitutes lustrous gray to black hexagonal crystals density 4.18 g/cm at 20° melts at 217°C soluble in sulfuric acid and chloroform very slightly soluble in carbon disulfide insoluble in alcohol. 

Silvery-white lustrous metal when pure or dark gray amorphous powder orthorhombic crystals hardness 2.3 Mohs density 6.25 g/cm melts at 452°C vaporizes at 990°C modulus of elasticity 6.0x10 psi thermal neutron absorption cross section 4.7 0.1 barns insoluble in water, carbon disulfide, and benzene also insoluble in HCl soluble in sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and aqua regia also soluble in caustic potash and in solutions of alkali metal cyanides. 

Gil son it e or Uintoite. A black, brittle, lustrous, bituminous, mineral consisting of solidified hydrocarbons. Found only in the US, namely in, Utah and Colorado. Its sp gr is 1.05 to 1.10 (77°F) hardness (Mohs scale) 2 penetration 0 (77°F) fusing point (B R) 270-370°F. Behavior on heating in flame — softens and flows. It is soluble in carbon disulfide and mixes well with the fatty acid pitches in all proportions. Its numerous uses are listed in Ref 2, p 535-L Accdg to Ellem (Ref 3, p 98), it is a versatile inexpensive fuel and somewhat of a binder and compaction aid. ... 

After the last portion of ethylene urea has been added, the solution is poured into ice water. The nitroethylene urea thus precipitated is filtered, carefully washed and thrown into boiling water. On hydrolysis carbon dioxide is evolved. Boiling is continued until all the gases have been removed, and then the solution is cooled down. Ethylenedinitramine crystallizes in the rhombic system as white, lustrous crystals, s.g. 1.75 which after filtration are washed with cold water and dried at 50°C. 

Tartrate of Silver.—2 AgO, CflII40ig—by mixing neutral tartrate of potash or Rochelle salt with nitrate of silver, A white, crystalline, lustrous powder gently heated, spongy silver remains, with evolution of pyro-tartnric and carbonic acids. 

New Developments Based on Non-Micaceous Systems. The class of single crystal lustrous pigments is not limited to the non-absorbing types like bismuth oxychloride and basic lead carbonate. Recent developments are absorbing pigments such as platelet-like graphite, laminar phthalocyanines and flaky iron oxides. These flakes... 

A white powder, or small, lustrous, colorless needles (when crystallized from hot water), which carbonize but do not melt on being heated. Naphthylaminesulphonic acid is soluble in about 4000 parts of cold water, more readily in hot water, scarcely soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. The solution in ammonia water exhibits a violet fluorescence. 

The arsenide Cu5As.2 has been prepared by passing a current of carbon dioxide and arsenic vapour over finely divided copper heated to the temperature of boiling sulphur 11 by the action of copper on arsenic trichloride or on arsenic dissolved in hydrochloric acid 12 and by the action of cuprous chloride on arsenic. Lustrous regular crystals of density 7-56 are obtained. These tarnish on exposure to air. When heated it loses arsenic and yields Cu3As, which at a higher temperature also decomposes. Cu5As2 dissolves in nitric acid. It is readily attacked by chlorine or bromine.13... 

An intimate mixture consisting of 1 molecular equivalent of the zinc salt of o-aminophenyl selenide and 2 equivalents of p-nitrobenzoyl chloride is fused for an hour at 100° C. The cooled melt is then pulverised and washed successively with water and sodium carbonate solution. Repeated crystallisation from glacial acetic acid gives pale yellow lustrous needles, M.pt. 211c C. (corr.). 

---