Carbon-Kevlar hybrid composite

G. Marom, E. Drukker, A. Weinberg, J. Banbaji (1986) Impact behaviour of carbon/ Kevlar hybrid composites. Composites 17,150. 

Duvis, T., Papaspyrides, C.D. and Skourlis, T. (1993). Polyamide coating on carbon fibers and potential application in carbon/Kevlar/epoxy hybrid composites. Composites Sci. Technol. 48, 127-133. 

The majority of commercially available polymeric composites are reinforced by glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers (e.g., Kevlar) and, to a lesser degree, boron fibers. In some cases hybrid composites are made that contain combinations of fibers. 

As a reinforcement, Kevlar 49 is in intense competition with carbon fibre. They are both much more costty than E-glass, and are considered only where their outstanding mechanical properties are really needed. Not surprisingly, there is currently increasing interest in hybrid composites. A combination of two or more types of reinforcement is used to produce an optimum profile of cost and properties for a given application. 

Wan Y Z, Wang Y L, He F, Huang Y, Jiang H J (2007) Mechanical performance of hybrid bismaleimide composites reinforced with three-dimensional braided carbon and Kevlar fabrics . Composites Part A, 38, 495-504. 

Imieh nska K, Castaings M, Wojtyra R, Haras J, Le Clezio E and Hosten B (2004) Ait-coupled ultrasonic C-scan technique in impact response testing of carbon fibre and hybrid glass, carbon and Kevlar/epoxy composites, J Mater Process Technol 157-158 513-522. 

More substantial delamination zones were observed under monotonically increased loads of quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminate with moisture content m = 0.7% than in the dry case (Ogi et al. 1999) while a comparative drop of 5% was noted in the tensile strength of wet uniaxially reinforced Kevlar-graphite/ epoxy hybrid composites (Haque et al. 1991). Similar conclusions are implied elsewhere (Ogi and Takao 1998). An indirect confirmation of that case is implied in the above article by the observation that when plotted vs. a monotonically increased stress, the Poisson s ratio grows faster in the wet case than its dry counterpart. 

The matrix resins for foamed composites include rigid pol)ruretha-nes, unsaturated polyesters, vinyl esters, and their hybrid resins, such as, unsaturated polyester-urethane hybrid resins and vinyl ester-urethane hybrid resins. The reinforcing fibers include glass fibers, carbon fibers, and organic fibers such as polyamide fiber (Kevlar, DuPont), polyamide-... 

Current civil aircraft applications have concentrated on replacing the secondary stracture with fibrous composites where the reinforcement media have either been carbon, glass, Kevlar or hybrids of these. The matrix material, a thermosetting epoxy system, is either a 125 °C or 180 °C curing system with the latter becoming dominant... 

The properties of the fibres, the matrices and the fibre arrangement within the composite and the fibre volume fraction govern the final strength and stiffness value properties of the composites. These parameters have been illustrated in Hollaway and Teng (2008) and Smith and Yeomans (2002). The matrices for the composites that could be used in the manufacture of wind turbine blades would be polyester, vinylester or epoxies. Glass, Kevlar or carbon fibres can be used with any of the polymers mentioned, but as the rotor blades become larger a hybrid construction of glass and carbon is used. The hybrid concept is often a compromise between the improved... 

White D M, Taylor E A and Clegg R A (2003) Simulation and experimental characterization of direct hypervelocity impact on a spacecraft hybrid carbon fiber/Kevlar composite structure. Intern J Impact Eng 29 779-790. 

---