Carbon high-pressure solubility

Kautz, C.B., Wagner, B., and Schneider, G.M. (1998) High-pressure solubility of l,4-bis-(n-alkylamino)-9,10-anthraquinones in near- and supercritical carbon dioxide, J. Supercrit. Fluids 13, 43-47. 

Solms, N. von, Rubin, A., Andersen, S.I., and Stenby, E.H., Directs measurement of high temperature/high pressure solubility of methane and carbon dioxide in polyamide (PA-11) using a high-pressure microbalance, Int. J. Thermophys., 26, 115, 2005. 

Mejia I, Stanley K, Canales R, Brennecke JF (2013) On the high-pressure solubilities of carbon dioxide in several ionic liquids. J Chem Eng Data 58 2642-2653... 

Shin, E. Lee, B. Limb, J. S. (2008). High-pressure solubilities of carbon dioxide in ionic liquids l-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. /. 

In some cases, the solids themselves are subjected to extraction by a solvent. For example, in one process used to decaffeinate coffee, the coffee beans are mixed with activated charcoal and a high-pressure stream of supercritical carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide at high pressure and above its critical temperature) is passed over them at approximately 90°C. A supercritical solvent is a highly mobile fluid with a very low viscosity. The carbon dioxide removes the soluble caffeine preferentially without extracting the flavoring agents and evaporates without leaving a harmful residue. 

The vacuum extraction method has been effectively applied to removing VOCs with low organic carbon content from well-drained soil, although it may also be effective for finer and wetter soils, but with comparatively slower removal rates. There are generally significant differences in the air permeability of various strata, which can influence process performance. Contaminants with low vapor pressure or high water solubilities are difficult to remove. 

Exposure of the reaction mixture to reduced carbon monoxide pressure in the flash-tank has implications for catalyst stability. Since the metal catalyst exists principally as iodocarbonyl complexes (e.g. [Rh(CO)2l2] and [Rh(CO)2l4]" for the Rh system), loss of CO ligands and precipitation of insoluble metal species (e.g. Rhl3) can be problematic. It is found that catalyst solubility is enhanced at high water concentrations but this results in a more costly separation process to dry the product. The presence of water also results in occurrence of the water gas shift (WGS) reaction (Eq. 6), which can be catalysed by Rh and Ir iodocarbonyls, in competition with the desired carbonylation process, resulting in a lower utilisation of CO ... 

CARBON DIOXIDE. (CAS 124-38-91. CO., formula weight 44.01. colorless, odorless, nonloxic gas at standard conditions. High concentrations of the gas do cause stupefaction and suffocation because of the displacement of ample oxygen for breathing. Density 1.9769 g/l (O C. 760 ton). sp gr 1.53 tair — 1.00). mp -56.6"C (5.2 atmospheresl. solid CO sublimes at -79°C (760 torr). critical pressure 73 atmospheres, critical temperalure 3I C. Carbon dioxide is soluble in HiO (approximately I volume CO. in I volume H.O at 15 C. 760 tom. soluble in alcohol, and is rapidly absorbed by most alkaline solutions. The solubility of CO in H 0 for various pressures and temperatures is given in Table I. 

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