Carbon footprint/footprinting Energy footprints

Pasqualino M, Meneses EC. The carbon footprint and energy consumption of beverage packaging selection and disposal. J Food Eng 2011 103 (2011) 357-365. 

A life cycle assessment (LCA), also known as life cycle analysis, of a product or process begins with an inventory of the energy and environmental flows associated with a product from "cradle to grave" and provides information on the raw materials used from the environment, energy resources consumed, and air, water, and solid waste emissions generated. GHGs and other wastes, sinks, and emissions may then be assessed (Sheehan et ah, 1998). The net GHG emissions calculated from an LCA are usually reported per imit of product or as the carbon footprint. 

The carbon footprint of transport fuels has been analyzed in several studies starting from 1990. One of the most important is the study realized by Sheehan et al. [13] at National Renewable Energy Laboratory of the United States.This is an LCA study that includes the impact of C02 emissions. Most important operations belonging to the petroleum diesel product system include crude oil extraction, its transport to an oil refinery, crude oil refining to diesel fuel, its transportation to the user, and its use in a bus engine. 

Carbon footprint of electricity generation through renewable energy... 

The carbon footprint of electricity generation through RES (Renewable Energy Systems) are described in this section. Elydro-electricity is described first, and then wind power, followed by bioenergy systems and solar energy. 

Johnson, E.P. Air-source heat pump carbon footprints HFC impacts and comparison to other heat sources. Energy Policy. 2011,39,1369-1381. 

Fantozzi, F. Bartocci, P. D Alessandro, B. Testarmata, F. Fantozzi P. Carbon footprint of truffle sauce in central Italy by direct measurement of energy consumption of different olive harvesting techniques. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 87,188-196. 

There is growing interest by investors to invest in firms and funds that reflect the investors own social values. These funds are tending to focus on the more immediate sustainability factors such as carbon footprint, energy efficiency, and environmental performance. As analysts become more familiar with process safety metrics— and those metrics are demonstrated to be useful predictors of a company s future safety performance—it is reasonable that a similar value could be placed on firms that are demonstrating their commitment to process safety as a separate factor or process safety as an element of other social values. Such demonstrated commitment to safety performance should also provide additional information, above and beyond financial information, on which the analyst can assess the overall risk of a firm or facility. 

You can calculate how much energy your household uses (your carbon footprint ) at various websites. 

At present, bioremediation is receiving a lot of interest as it appears sustainable, low cost, and low energy and therefore meets the needs of a remediation solution that will both benefit the environment directly and also have a relatively low carbon footprint. In practice, it often needs to be combined with other approaches to achieve an effective solution. This requirement is frequently driven by the need to remediate over a short timescale, in the case of ex situ bioremediation, or the need to promote long-term effectiveness under a regime such as monitored natural attenuation or permeable reactive barriers. The engineering of bioremediation to enhance its effectiveness has been studied for the last few decades with considerable success. It has become a mainstream part of the toolbox for contaminated sites. 

New technologies are powering the drive to develop renewable energy. Spacecraft that are commercially viable. Airliners that leave a smaller carbon footprint. And cars that can cruise all day long without burning a drop of gasoline. 

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