Carbon dioxide terrestrial

A 1999 study by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology predicts that tropical rain forests will be able to continue to absorb carbon dioxide at the current rate of 2 billion tons per year until global temperatures rise by 8°F (4.5°C). At this point, evaporation rates will be high enough to decrease rainfall for the forests, leading to the collapse of tropical ecosystems. This collapse will decrease the amount of carbon... 

Land/atmospheric interfacial processes which impact climate and biological activity on earth are illustrated in Figure 3. Emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been linked to the transmission of solar radiation to the surface of the earth as well as to the transmission of terrestrial radiation to space. Should solar radiation be an internal process or an external driver of the hydrologic cycle, weather, and air surface temperatures Compounds of sulfur and nitrogen are associated with acidic precipitation and damage to vegetation, aquatic life, and physical structures. 

Prentice, K. C. The Influence of the Terrestrial Biosphere on Seasonal Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide An Empirical Model Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, New York, NY, 1986. 

Fan, S., Gloor, M., Mahlman, J., Pacala, S., Sarmiento, ]., Takahashi, T., and Tans, P. (1998). A large terrestrial carbon sink in North America implied by atmospheric and oceanic carbon dioxide data and models. Science 282, 442-446. 

An important example of non-linearity in a biogeochemical cycle is the exchange of carbon dioxide between the ocean surface water and the atmosphere and between the atmosphere and the terrestrial system. To illustrate some effects of these non-linearities, let us consider the simplified model of the carbon cycle shown in Fig. 4-12. Ms represents the sum of all forms of dissolved carbon (CO2, H2CO3, HCOi" and... 

Carbon dioxide is not the only gas that can influence terrestrial infrared radiation, and infrared absorption is not the only way that composition influences climate. Other gases that are important for their infrared absorption, sometimes known as "greenhouse gases," include CH4, CCI2F2 (CEC-12), CECI3 (CFC-11), N2O, and O3. Taken together these other species are about of equal importance to CO2. That... 

Many estimates of total terrestrial net primary production are available, ranging between 45.5 Pg C/yr (Lieth, 1972) and 78 Pg/yr (Bazilevich et al., 1970). Ajtay ef oZ. (1979) have revised the various estimates and methods involved, they also reassess the classifications of ecosystem types and the extent of the ecosystem surface area using new data and arriving at a total NPP of 60 Pg C/yr. Gross primary production is estimated to be twice net primary production, i.e., 120 Pg C/yr. This implies that about 60 Pg C/yr are returned to the atmosphere during the respiratory phase of photosynthesis. It is well known that carbon dioxide uptake by plants follows daily cycles most plants take up CO2... 

Randerson, J. T., Thompson, M. V., Conway, T. J., Fung, I. Y. and Field, C. B. (1997). The contribution of terrestrial sources and sinks to trends in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11,535-560. 

Two bioassays are employed to evaluate the effect of samples on terrestrial life forms. For gas samples, the plant stress ethylene test is presently recommended. This test is based on the well-known plant response to environmental stress release of elevated levels of ethylene (under normal conditions plants produce low levels of ethylene). The test is designed to expose plants to various levels of gaseous effluents under controlled conditions. The ethylene released during a set time period is then measured by gas chromatography to determine toxicity of the effluent. For liquid and solid samples, a soil microcosm test is employed. The sample is introduced on the surface of a 5 cm diameter by 5 cm deep plug of soil obtained from a representative ecosystem. Evolution of carbon dioxide, transport of calcium, and dissolved oxygen content of the leachate are the primary quantifying parameters. 

DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1979) Relationship between the oxygen isotope ratios of terrestrial plant cellulose, carbon dioxide and water. Science 204 51-53 DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1981) Isotopic composition of cellulose from aquatic organisms. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45 1885-1894... 

D. M. Hunten, Atmospheric evolution of the terrestrial planets. Science 259, 915-920 (1993) J. F. Kasting, Earth s early atmosphere. Science 259, 920-926 (1993) R. A. Berner, Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over phanerozoic time. Science 249, 1382-1386 (1990) R. A. Berner, Paleozoic atmospheric CO2 importance of solar radiation and plant evolution. Science 261, 68-70 (1993). 

Indirect Utilization of Carbon Dioxide Utilization of Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomass... 

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