Carbon dioxide factors affecting

The pH of most groundwaters of interest to waste disposal is in the range 6-10 (Fig. 1). There are a number of factors which are important in governing the pH of groundwater reactions with minerals in the rock, particularly aluminosilicates such as feldspars, micas and clays the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Fcoj) the concentration of so-called conservative or mobile ions such as chloride (Michard 1987) and temperature. Reactions with the rock mineralogy and dissolved carbon dioxide can affect pH through temperature-dependent equilibria such as ... 

But for power station applications, the thermal efficiency is not the only measure of the performance of a plant. While a new type of plant may involve some reduction in running costs due to improved thermal efficiency, it may also involve additional capital costs. The cost of electricity produced is the crucial criterion within the overall economics, and this depends not only on the thermal efficiency and capital costs, but also on the price of fuel, operational and maintenance costs, and the taxes imposed. Yet another factor, which has recently become important, is the production by gas turbine plants of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) which contribute to global warming. Many countries are now considering the imposition of a special tax on the amount of CO2 produced by a power plant, and this may adversely affect the economics. So consideration of a new plant in future will involve not only the factors listed above but also the amount of CO2 produced per unit of electricity together with the extra taxes that may have to be paid. 

It is clear that human action can affect seven of eight of the major gi eenhouse forcings carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, CFCs, aerosols, and water vapor. As studies of solar variation have shown, it is also clear that human action is not the only factor involved in determining the impact of these forcings. There is still substantial uncertainty regarding the actual climate impact of the climate forcings. 

Barrier polymers, 3 375-405 applications, 3 405 barrier structures, 3 394-399 carbon dioxide transport, 3 403 flavor and aroma transport, 3 403-405 health and safety factors, 3 405 immiscible blends, 3 396-398 large molecule permeation, 3 388-390 layered structures, 3 394-396 miscible blends, 3 398-399 oxygen transport, 3 402 permanent gas permeation, 3 380-383 permeability prediction, 3 399-401 permeation process, 3 376-380 physical factors affecting permeability, 3 390-393... 

Nitrous oxide decreases tidal volume and increases the rate of breathing and minute ventilation. Although arterial carbon dioxide partial pressures tend not to be affected the normal ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide and to hypoxia are depressed. Alveolar collapse in structured lung segments may be more rapid in the presence of nitrous oxide than with oxygen due to its greater solubility. Similarly, it depresses mucous flow and chemotaxis. In theory these factors predispose to postoperative respiratoiy complications. 

Natural gases commonly contain hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. The presence of nitrogen does not greatly affect the z-factor obtained by methods previously described z-factor increases by about 1% for each 5% of nitrogen in the gas.9... 

Nebeker, A.V., Bouck, G.R. and Stevens, D.G. (1976). Carbon dioxide and oxygen-nitrogen ratios as factors affecting salmon survival in air-supersaturated water. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 105,425-429. 

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