Polystyrene carbon black filled

Fig. 16. The change in elongational viscosity with elongation rate for carbon black filled polystyrene at 180 °C. Filler loadings (vol%) (O) 0 ( ) 10 (A) 20 (V) 30 [17]...

Fig. 46 Storage modulus G o)) (open points) and dynamic viscosity (solid points) as a function of frequency, co, for carbon-black-filled polystyrene melts at 170°C. (From Ref. 49.)...

FIgur 9.5 Variation of extensional viscosity with time at different extensional rates for 20vol% carbon black filled polystyrene melt at 170°C. (Reprinted from Ref. 19 with kind permission from Society of Plastics Engineers Inc., Connecticut, USA.)... 

Cao Q, Song Y, Tan Y, Zheng Q (2010) Conduetive and viseoelastic behaviors of carbon black filled polystyrene during annealing. Caibon 48 4268... 

Volnme resistivities have been reported on phenol-formaldehyde [37], carbon fibre reinforced ABS terpolymer [35], natural rubber [38], polystyrene (PS) [35], HDPE-natnral fibre composites [34], carbon black filled PP-epoxy-glass fibre composites [5], XLPE [32], nanoclay reinforced EPDM-g-TMEVS [31] and epoxy resin/PANI blends [33]. 

Electrical conductivity measurements have been reported on a wide range of polymers including carbon nanofibre reinforced HOPE [52], carbon black filled LDPE-ethylene methyl acrylate composites [28], carbon black filled HDPE [53], carbon black reinforced PP [27], talc filled PP [54], copper particle modified epoxy resins [55], epoxy and epoxy-haematite nanorod composites [56], polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends [57], polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibre/PC composites [58], PC/MnCli composite films [59], titanocene polyester derivatives of terephthalic acid [60], lithium trifluoromethane sulfonamide doped PS-block-polyethylene oxide (PEO) copolymers [61], boron containing PVA derived ceramic organic semiconductors [62], sodium lanthanum tetrafluoride complexed with PEO [63], PC, acrylonitrile butadiene [64], blends of polyethylene dioxythiophene/ polystyrene sulfonate, PVC and PEO [65], EVA copolymer/carbon fibre conductive composites [66], carbon nanofibre modified thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers [67], PPY [68], PPY/PP/montmorillonite composites [69], carbon fibre reinforced PDMS-PPY composites [29], PANI [70], epoxy resin/PANI dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid blends [71], PANI/PA 6,6 composites [72], carbon fibre EVA composites [66], HDPE carbon fibre nanocomposites [52] and PPS [73]. 

Figure 1 shows how the viscosity of low density polyethylene-containing titanium dioxide changes as a function of apparent shear rate [18]. Similar results are shown in Fig. 2 for polystyrene filled with carbon black [19]. 

Table 11. Properties of vulcanizates filled with a polystyrene HAF grafted carbon black 641...

Figure 6.37 Viscosity as a function of (a) shear rate or (b) shear stress of a polystyrene melt My, = 214,000) filled with carbon black (surface area =124 m /g) at various volume fractions 0 at 170°C. (From Lobe and White 1979, reprinted with permission from the Society of Plastics Engineers.)...

From about 1980, there have been extensive investigations of the shear viscosity of rubber-carbon black compounds and related filled polymer melts. Yield values in polystyrene-carbon black compounds in shear flow were found by Lobe and vhiite [L15] in 1979 and by Tanaka and White [Tl] in 1980 for polystyrene with calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide as well as carbon black. From 1982, White and coworkers found yield values in compounds containing butadiene-styrene copolymer [Ml, M37, S12, S18, T7, W29], polyiso-prene [M33, M37, S12, S18], polychloroprene [S18], and ethylene-propylene terpolymer [OlO, S18]. Typical shear viscosity-shear stress data for rubber-carbon black compounds are shown in Figs. 5(a) and (b). White et al. [S12, S18, W28] fit these data with both Eq. (56) and die expression... 

The photo-oxidative behavior of commercial pol5miers is widely different. The most photo-oxidizable polymers are the imsaturated rubbers with labile R—H bond and are generally heavily filled with carbon black (an effective sun-screen see later) in outdoor applications. Similarly, rubber modified plastics, eg, high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), are more... 

Scherzer Selina, Pavlova Ewa, Esper Julian, and Stary Zdenek. Phase structure, rheology and electrical conductivity of co-continuous polystyrene/polymethylmethacrylate blends filled with carbon black. Compos. Sci. Technol. 119 no. 23 (2015) 138-147. 

Composites prepared by filling with carbon black natural rubber/polyethylene or polystyrene/ethylene-propylene random copolymer blends have an electrical conductivity much higher than that for the individual components at the same loading level (Geuskens et al. 1987). The addition of carbon black to these immiscible polymers lowered the size of the dispersed phase. 

Fig. 6.6. Polarization dependent NEXAFS spectra of rubbed BPDA-PDA polyimide (left) and polystyrene (right) recorded by AEY (top) and TEY (bottom) detection with the electric field vector oriented paredlel to the rubbing direction x (sohd black), and perpendicular to the rubbing direction in-plane along y (dashed black) and 20° of the surface normal z (sohd gray). The assignment of the resonances to the carbon atoms indicated by filled circles is taken from the literature [3].

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