Carbohydrate intermediary

Mettrick, D. F. Rahman, M. S. (1984). Effects of parasite strain and intermediate host species on carbohydrate intermediary metabolism in the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62 355-61. 

Rahman, M. S. Mettrick, D. F. (1982). Carbohydrate intermediary metabolism in Hymenolepis microstoma (Cestoda). International Journal for Parasitology, 12 155-62. 

Thus, carbohydrates act as the chemical intermediaries by which solar energy is stored and used to support life. 

Carbohydrate metabolism in the organism tissues encompasses enzymic processes leading either to the breakdown of carbohydrates (catabolic pathways), or to the synthesis thereof (anabolic pathways). Carbohydrate breakdown leads to energy release or intermediary products that are necessary for other biochemical processes. The carbohydrate synthesis serves for replenishment of polysaccharide reserve or for renewal of structural carbohydrates. The effectiveness of various routes of carbohydrate metabolism in tissues and organs is defined by the availability of appropriate enzymes in them. 

Krebs, H.A. (1943). The intermediary stages in the biological oxidation of carbohydrate. Advances in Enzymol. 3, 191-252. 

Toxicology. Propionic acid is an irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Propionic acid is a normal intermediary metabolite during the oxidation of fatty acids. It occurs ubiquitously in the gastrointestinal tract as an end product of microbial digestion of carbohydrates. It represents up to 4% of the normal total plasma fatty acids. ... 

Important reactions of intermediary metabolism regulated by enzyme phosphorylation. Key Blue text = intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism ... 

UNIT II Intermediary Metabolism Chapter 6 Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation 69 Chapter 7 Introduction to Carbohydrates 83 Chapter 8 Glycolysis 89 Chapter 9 Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle 107 Chapter 10 Gluconeogenesis 115 Chapter 11 Glycogen Metabolism 123... 

Another physiologically important anion is phosphate which is essential for bone formation, for the buffering of biological fluids and as a component of numerous enzyme systems. Intermediary metabolism and, in particular, carbohydrate utilisation are intricately interwoven with the phosphate cycle through the reversible conversion of inorganic phosphate to high energy phosphate in ATP. 

Phosphorus is found in every cell of the body, but most of it (about 80% of the total) is combined with calcium as Ca3(P04)2 in the bones and teeth (Harper 1969 Tietz 1970). Phosphorus is present in cells mainly as organic phosphate, with a small amount in serum as inorganic phosphate (Tietz 1970). Phosphorus is involved in the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates (Tietz 1970). About 10% is found in combination with proteins, phospholipids, and carbohydrates and in other compounds in the blood and muscle (Harper 1969). The remaining phosphorus is widely distributed in various chemical compounds such as nucleic acids, nucleotides, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Tietz 1970). 

Intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus (horse and sheep strains) and E. multilocularis. Parasitology, 84 351-66. 

McManus, D. P. Sterry, P. R. (1982). Ligula intestinalis intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in plerocercoids and adults. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 67 73-85. 

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