Carbohydrate economies

D. Morris, The Carbohydrate Economy, Biofuels and the Net Energy Debate, Institute for Local Self-Reliance Pub. Minneapolis, Aug. 2005 (http //www.newrules.org/agri/ netenergyresponse.pdf). 

For an overview of the history of this transition, see Morris, D. Ahmed, I. The Carbohydrate Economy Making Chemicals and Industrial Materials from Plant Matter, Institute for Local Self Reliance, Washington, D. C., 1992. 

Sphoer,H.A. The carbohydrate economy of cacti. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 287,19 (1919)... 

Many concrete producers use a combination of superplasticizer and a conventional water-reducing, set-modifying or air-entraining admixture to achieve the desired performance. The superplasticizer provides the major portion of the required water reduction and the conventional admixture is added to achieve one or more of the following objectives (1) further water reduction (2) admixture economy (3) the desired air content (4) increased workability and (5) extension of set and workability. Coimnercial conventional admixture formulations used for this purpose are usually based on sodium lignosulfonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids or processed carbohydrates. Such combinations, besides reducing the dosage of the... 

Okkerse, C. van Bekkum, H. Towards a plant based-economy In Starch 96—The Book, Carbohydrate Research Foundation, Zestec The Hague, the Netherlands, 1997. 

Biopolymers Carbohydrates Energy Flows in Ecology and in the Economy... 

The environmental and economical benefits of one-pot catalytic fine chemical syntheses, in which various successive chemical steps are accomplished in the same reaction vessel, generally over a bifunctional (or multifunctional) catalyst, are obvious. The reduction in the number of synthetic and separation steps has various positive consequences environmentally more sustainable processes (higher atom economy and lower environmental factors), lower operating costs, lower production of wastes and in general an improvement in the safety conditions.[1 31 The environmental advantages are still more remarkable when the transformation of renewable raw materials, such as mixtures of natural terpenes or carbohydrates are concerned. 

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