1- Ethyl-3- carbodiimide hydrochloride

Carbodiimide, [3-(dimethylamino)propyl]ethyl-, hydrochloride and Ammonium iodide, [3-[[(ethyIimino)methyiene]amino]propyl]-... 

A carbodiimide is added to the two reacting species. The urea generated from dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is insoluble and voluminous, so it is often replaced by diisopropylcarbodiimide, which generates a soluble urea. The soluble carbodiimide ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (see Section 1.16) is suitable but expensive. Efficiency of coupling is greater in dichloromethane than in dimethylformamide. There is also the option of adding 1-hydroxybenzotriazole to minimize the side reactions of A-acylurca (see Section 2.12), cyano (see Section 6.15), and aspartimide (see Section 6.13) formation. 

CARBAMIC acid, krt-BUTYL ESTER, 48, 32 Carbazole, 2-nitro-, 46, 85 Carbazoles, from o-azidobiphenyls,46,SS from o-nitrobiphenyls and triethyl phosphite, 48, 115 2-Carbethoxycyclodecanone, 47, 22 2-Carbethoxycyclododecanone, 47, 22 2-Carbethoxycyclohexanone, 45, 82 2-Carbethoxycyclononanone, 47, 22 2-Carbethoxycyclooctanone, 47, 20 t-Carbinamines, see /-Alkylamines Carbodiimide, [3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]ethyl-, hydrochloride, 48, 83... 

Dime thy laminopropy I )-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride [l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride] see entry on p. 212 in Chapter 4. 

Molecules of interest that contain free amino groups can be coupled in aqueous solution to /S-poIy(L-malate) as amides using carbodiimides such as the water-soluble l-ethyl-3(3-dimethyIaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) [2,12,20,21]. By this method, the molecules are attached randomly. A selective amide bond formation at the carboxylate terminus can be achieved... 

PGIP, purified fi om P.vulgaris hypocotyls [11], was immobilized to the sensor ch via amine coupling. A continuous flow of HBS buffer (5 pl/min) was mantained over the sensor surface. The carboxylated dextran matrix of the sensor surface was first activated by a 6-min injection of a mixture of N-hydroxy-succinimide and N-ethyl-N - (3-diethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, followed by a 7-min injection of PGIP (lOng/pl in 10 mM acetate, pH 5.0). Hie immobilization procedure was con leted by a 7-min injection of 1 M ethanolamine hydrochloride to block the remaining ester groups. 

COOH groups of the PE (PAA or PGA) and the -NH2 moieties of the pre-loaded protein, using l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as a catalyst [99]. Negligible enzyme desorption (<0.1 %) is observed from cross-linked lysozyme-loaded MS spheres after exposing the samples to an aqueous solution for 48 h, while about 25 % of the immobilized lysozyme is desorbed under the same conditions when the lysozyme is not cross-linked. 

The reactions involved in an EDC-mediated conjugation are discussed in Chapter 3, Section 1.1 (Note EDC is l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride MW 191.7 and is sometimes referred to as EDAC). The carbodiimide first reacts with available carboxylic groups on either the carrier or hapten to form a highly reactive o-acylisourea intermediate. The activated carboxylic group then can react with a primary amine to form an amide bond, with release of the EDC mediator as a soluble isourea derivative. The reaction is quite efficient with no more than 2 hours required for it to go to completion and form a conjugated immunogen. 

Weigh out 1.25 mg of the carbodiimide EDC (l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodii mide hydrochloride Thermo Fisher) into a microfuge tube. 

Scheme 9. N-Ras peptide synthesis employing choline esters as C-terminal protecting group. EDC 1-ethyl-3 (dimethylamino)propyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride, HOBt 1-hydroxybenzo-tri azole...

FIGURE 1.16 Purified symmetrical anhydrides of iV-alkoxycarbonylamino acids obtained using a soluble carbodiimide.15 The reagent ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride,14 also known as WSCD (water-soluble carbodiimide), the NW -dialkylurea, and the iV-acyl-iV,iV -dialkylurea are soluble in water and thus can be removed from a reaction mixture by washing it with water. 

FIGURE 1.18 2-AI koxy-5(4/7)-oxazol ones as intermediates in reactions of IV-alkoxycarbo-nylamino acids.22 After removal of the symmetrical anhydride from a reaction mixture containing Boc-valine and ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride, the filtrate contained a novel activated form of Boc-valine (20% yield) that was established to be the 2-alkoxy-5(4H)-oxazolone. Slow addition of Boc-valine to ethyl-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride in dilute solution gave a 55% yield. Petrol = petroleum ether, bp 40-60°. 

FIGURE 7.2 Reaction of carnitine with two equivalents of anisidine mediated by EDC in water-acetone (20 1) gave carnitine 4-methoxyanilide in 60% yield.2 EDC = ethyl-(3-dime-thylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride. 

FIGURE 7.3 The protective effects of additives on the EDC-mediated coupling of Bz-L-Val-OH with //-L-Vat-OMe.TosOH/Et3N.5 Percentage -d-l- epimer formed in dimethylformamide at 0°C. EDC = ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride. 

AT-Acyl-L-HSL can be conveniently prepared in excellent yields by the acylation of l-HSL either with the corresponding carboxylic acids activated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) in a water/ 1,4-dioxane (1 1) solvent system or with the corresponding acid chlorides in dichloromethane (DCM) in the presence of triethylamine (Scheme 4) [15,16, 37,53]. 

NPH HCl) with l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC HCl) as a coupling agent [593,594], The advantage is that with hydrazines it is possible to carry out the derivatization in milder conditions. An efficient postcolumn derivatization is obtained using avidin or streptavidin. In fact, these two proteins react in a very specific way with biotin, therefore they are bound with a fluorescent marker, such as fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC) to obtain fluorescent derivatives. Some authors [595] report the use of MS or MS/MS for biotin detection, but this method seems to be less sensitive than FLD. 

N-ethyl-M-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, Dojindo laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan). 

Dimethylamino)propyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride Carbodiimide, [3-(dimethylamino)propyl]ethyl-, monohydrochloride (8) 1,3-Propanediamine, N -(ethylcarbonimidoyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, monohydrochloride (9) (25952-53-8) N.N-Dimethylformamide cancer suspect agent Formamide, N,N-dimethyl- (8,9) (68-12-2)... 

The carbodiimide of choice used to couple cystamine to carboxylate- or phosphate-containing molecules is most often the water-soluble carbodiimide EDC (l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride Chapter 3, Section 1.1). This reagent rapidly reacts with carboxylates or phosphates to form an active complex highly reactive toward primary amines. The reaction is efficient from pH 4.7 to 7.5, and a variety of buffers may be used, providing they do not contain competing groups. 

Add EDC (l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride Pierce) to a final concentration of 2 mg/ml in the reaction solution. To aid in the addition of a small amount of EDC, a higher concentration stock solution may be prepared in water and an aliquot added to the reaction to give the proper concentration. Since EDC is labile in aqueous solutions, the stock solution must be made quickly and used immediately. 

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