Carbitols

The mono-methyl, ethyl and n-butyl ethers are inexpensive commercial products and are known as methyl carbitol, carbitol and butyl carbitol respectively. They are all completely miscible with water and are purified as already described for the cellosolves (10). The boiling points of the pure compounds are —... 

The diethyl ether of diethylene glycol (diethyl carbitol), b.p. 186°/ 760 mm., is completely miscible with water. The above three ethers may be purified by distillation from sodium. 

Place 0 -5 g. of 3 4 5 triiodobenzoyl chloride in a small test-tube, add 0 -25 ml. of the alcohol - ether and heat the mixture gently over a micro burner until the evolution of hydrogen chloride ceases (3-5 minutes). Pour the molten mass into 10 ml. of 20 per cent, alcohol to which crushed ice has been added. Some derivatives solidify instantly those which separate as oils change to solids in a few minutes without further manipulation. Recrystallise from rectified spirit (use 50 per cent, alcohol for esters of methyl and butyl carbitol ). 

The following melting points have been recorded —methyl cellosolve, 152° cellosolve, 128° wo-propyl cellosolve, 80° butyl cellosolve, 85° phenyl cellosolve, 145° benzyl cellosolve, 104° methyl carbitol. 82° ethyl carbitol, 76° . butyl carbitol, 54°. 

Methyl n-ptopyl carbinol (6) Cetyl alcohol (11) Ethyl celloBOlve (16) Butyl carbitol ... 

The monoalkyl ethers with R = CHj, CjHj and C4H, , known respectively as methyl ceUoaolve, ceUosolve and hutyl cellosolve, are of great commercial value, particularly as solvents, since they combine the properties of alcohols and ethers and are miscible with water. Equally important compounds are the carbitols (monoalkyl ethers of diethyleneglycol) prepared by the action of ethylene oxide upon the monoethers of ethylene glycol ... 

Thus with R = CHj, CjHj and C H, , the compounds are called methyl carhitoli carbitol and butyl carbitol respectively. None of these compounds can be conveniently prepared in the laboratory by elementary students they are, however, readily available commercially. The preparation of one glycol, pinacol or tetramethylene glycol from acetone, has already been described (Section 111,77). 

A much greater yield can be had if the chemist uses carbitol as a solvent instead of propanol [62]. Carbitol is a really hazardous solvent and should not be breathed or placed on one s skin. The reaction proceeds exactly as before except that after 24 hours of reflux and cooling the mixture is slowly poured into 1500mL ice cold dH20. The upper solvent layer is separated and the aqueous layer extracted with 200mL ether which is then combined with that upper solvent layer. The combined solvent portions are vacuum distilled to afford safrole-azide (or phenylisopropyi-azide for amphetamine) with the yield rising to 70%. 

Actinide ions form complex ions with a large number of organic substances (12). Their extractabiUty by these substances varies from element to element and depends markedly on oxidation state. A number of important separation procedures are based on this property. Solvents that behave in this way are thbutyl phosphate, diethyl ether [60-29-7J, ketones such as diisopropyl ketone [565-80-5] or methyl isobutyl ketone [108-10-17, and several glycol ether type solvents such as diethyl CeUosolve [629-14-1] (ethylene glycol diethyl ether) or dibutyl Carbitol [112-73-2] (diethylene glycol dibutyl ether). 

Monoethylene glycol derivatives ate termed "ceUosolves" diethylene glycol derivatives, "carbitols" and triethylene glycol derivatives, triglycols. CELLOSOLVE and CARBITOL ate registered trademarks of EFnion Carbide Corp. 

Carbitol diethylene glycol rnoiro-Et edier C.H50iCH.).0(CH.).0H... 

Carbitol Glycol Ethers 20.3 Trichlorides and Higher Chlorides ... 

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