Capillary quantitative aspects

Altria, K. D. (1993). Quantitative aspects of the application of capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of pharmaceuticals and drug-related impurities. /. Chromatogr. 646, 245—257. 

L. Karlsson, L. Mathiasson, J. Akesson, and J.A. Jonsson, Quantitative aspects of the determination of compounds with wide varying polarity using capillary fluid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 557 99(1991). 

Nielen MW. Quantitative aspects of indirect UV detection in capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatog 1991 588 321-6. 

Svoboda, M. and Vaeik J., Capillary electrophoresis with ultra violet detection some quantitative aspects. Journal of Chromatography A, 1976, 119 539-547. 

This chapter considers the quantitative aspects of single-molecule detection in solution by laser-induced fluorescence. We will describe the combination of single molecule detection with capillary electrophoresis as the ultimate analytical procedure. Other methods of single molecule detection, such as electrochemical detection, are not considered [1, 2]. 

The analytical power of combining capillary PyGC with the selectivity of FID and NPD has been demonstrated for rapid quantitative and qualitative analysis of high-MW and polymer stabilisers in PP, using the standard addition method (up to 10,000 ppm) [42]. Quantitative aspects of PyGC are discussed in Chp. 2.2.1. 

This chapter deals with the validation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. It describes the various validation characteristics, namely accuracy, precision, specificity, detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, and range in accordance with the official guidelines. Practical aspects related to the calculation of these parameters and factors affecting them in CE analysis have also been described. Validation requirements have been described according to the goal of the method. The chapter contains numerous tables and diagrams to illustrate these ideas. It also covers other related aspects such as instrument qualification, revalidation, and method transfer. 

The problem of adsorption hysteresis remains enigmatic after more than fifty years of active use of adsorption method for pore size characterization in mesoporous solids [1-3]. Which branch of the hysteresis loop, adsorption or desorption, should be used for calculations This problem has two aspects. The first is practical pore size distributions calculated from the adsorption and desorption branches are substantially diflferent, and the users of adsorption instruments want to have clear instructions in which situations this or that branch of the isotherm must be employed. The second is fundamental as for now, no theory exists, which can provide a quantitatively accurate description of capillary condensation hysteresis in nanopores. A better understanding of this phenomenon would shed light on peculiarities of phase transitions in confined fluids. 

Figures 2 and 3 depict typical displacement and velocity characteristics of the capillary meniscus, as a parametric function of the aspect ratio (w//t) of the microchannel. For more detailed explanations of the pertinent quantitative variations, one may refer to the work of Chakraborty [3].

Despite these difficulties (discussed in Section 5.3.3a) API sources are currently used widely in combination with a wide range of liquid chromatography methods, i.e. normal and reverse phase, isocratic and gradient, normal bore (4.6 mm i.d.) and capillary columns, as well as ESI with capillary electrophoresis and APCI with GC. In the context of trace level quantitation, API techniques are most often used in combination with reverse phase HPLC, and it is this combination that will be the main focus of discussions of matrix effects (Sections 5.1.1 and 5.3.6a) and of the more practical aspects in Sections 9.6 and 10.10.4.1d. In this regard it is worth noting here that in reverse phase chromatography using e.g., a Cjg-derivatized silica... 

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has also been demonstrated to be a powerful tool in both the qualitative and quantitative analyses of essential oil components. Literature on capillary and enantioselective capillary GC on-line coupled to isotope-ratio MS (IRMS) has been reviewed by Mosandl [1]. These techniques, which are valuable tools in control of authenticity of flavors and essential oils, are discussed in relation to various aspects, such as sample preparation and cleanup, chromatographic behavior of enantiomers, detection systems, and the use of internal isotope standards for quantitation. 

During the first 2 days, there is a fast consumption of capillary water and a rise in signal from crystalline phase water (solid signal), C-S-H interlayer water and C-S-H gel water. Beyond 2 days, C-S-H gel water stops forming, while C-S-H layers and solid phases continue to be created. This type of quantitative analysis allows many aspects of the hydration process to be analysed. Eor example, equations for mass and volume balance allow the C-S-H density and chemical composition to be calculated (Muller et al. 2013a,b), in plain pastes as well as in blended systems (Muller et al. 2015). 

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