Capacity highly conductive polymer electrolyte

In the ideal situation of 100% utilization x = 1.0), the capacity corresponding to the above anode half reaction is 372 mA h g However, due to the low ion conductivity of the polymer electrolyte and the high interfacial impedance between it and the graphite electrode, this elegant example of electrochemical preparation of lithiated graphite is of limited practical significance. 

Electrical Conductivity. The electrical conductivity of carbon blacks is inferior to that of graphite, and is dependent on the type of production process, as well as on the specific surface area and structure. Since the limiting factor in electrical conductivity is generally the transition resistance between neighboring particles, compression or concentration of pure or dispersed carbon black, respectively, plays an important role. Special grades of carbon black are used to donate to polymers antistatic or electrically conductive properties. Carbon blacks with a high conductivity and high adsorption capacity for electrolyte solutions are used in dry-cell batteries. 

Carbon-coated LiFePO (C-LFP) composites incorporated with electro-chemically active conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) were fabricated in situ by chemical oxidative polymerization as cathode for LIB. Specific capacities as high as 165 mAh/g at 0.2 C, 133 mAh/g at 7 C and 123 mAh/g at 10 C were observed in C-LFP/7 wt% PANI composite. The improved cyclability as compared with the parent C-LFP was due to PANI, which acts not only as an additional host for Li -ion insertion/extraction, but also as a binder to modify the electrode surface and a container for electrolyte to penetrate into C-LFP particles [55]. 

Arie et al. [116] investigated the electrochemical characteristics of phosphorus-and boron-doped silicon thin-film (n-type and p-type silicon) anodes integrated with a solid polymer electrolyte in lithium-polymer batteries. The doped silicon electrodes showed enhanced discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over the un-doped silicon electrode, and the phosphorus-doped, n-type silicon electrode showed the most stable cyclic performance after 40 cycles with a reversible specific capacity of about 2,500 mAh/g. The improved electrochemical performance of the doped silicon electrode was mainly due to enhancement of its electrical and lithium-ion conductivities and stable SEI layer formation on the surface of the electrode. In the case of the un-doped silicon electrode, an unstable surface layer formed on the electrode surface, and the interfacial impedance was relatively high, resulting in high electrode polarization and poor cycling performance. 

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