Cannula

Potassium hydride (1 eq.) was washed with hexanes and suspended in anhydrous ether at 0°C. 7-Bromoindole was added as a solution in ether. After 15 min, the solution was cooled to — 78°C and t-butyllithium (2 eq.) which had been precooled to — 78°C was added by cannula. A white precipitate formed. After 10 min DMF (2 eq.) was added as a solution in ether. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm slowly to room temperature and when reaction was complete (TLC) the suspension was poured into cold 1 M H3PO4. The product was extracted with EtOAc and the extract washed with sat. NaHCOj and dried (MgS04). The product was obtained by evaporation of the solvent and purified by chromatography on silica gel (61% yield). 

Oxygen is suppHed quite routinely to patients suffering impaired respiratory function as weU as in other situations where oxygen is deemed to be useflil. The pure oxygen, with humidification, is deHvered via a simple double tube (cannula) to a point just inside the nostrils where the 99.5% gas blends with the room air (21% O2), and is inhaled. The concentration of oxygen that reaches the lungs thus depends on the rate and volume of air inhaled and on the exit flow of oxygen from the cannula, usually one to six L/min. 

Fig. 4. Schematic of the Closed Container Sampling technique used in the Baxter PARAMAX analy2er showing (a) the collection tube with bar-coded label being brought into sampling position under the caimula (b) the tube raised so that the caimula has penetrated the stopper (c) the sample sensing probe coming through the caimula to aspirate the exact volume required for each assay and (d) after sampling, where the tube is lowered away from the cannula.

The stopper removes any sample from the cannula and reseals itself... 

Vapor Pressure. The Shiley Infusaid implantable infusion pump utilizes energy stored in a two-phase fluorinated hydrocarbon fluid. The pump consists of a refillable chamber that holds the dmg and a chamber that holds the fluid. The equiUbrium vapor pressure of the fluid, a constant 60 kPa (450 mm Hg), compresses the bellows, pumping the dmg through a bacterial filter, a capillary flow restrictor, and an infusion cannula to the target body site (56,116). 

A suspension of lithium methoxide (prepared from 1.00 g (31.2 mmol) of methanol in 50 mL of THF and 17.7 mL (27.2 mmol) of 1.54 M butyllithium in hexane) is transferred via a cannula into a — 78 C sol ution of 5.86 g (27.1 mmol) of 2-[(/ )-(/T)-1-chloro-2-butenyl]-4,4,5,5-tctramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane in 100 mL of THF. The solution is warmed, becoming homogeneous at 0 JC, and stirred for 1 h. Solvents arc removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in 150 mL of petroleum ether (bp 40 -60 °C). This solution is washed with a citric acid/boric acid/phosphate buffer (pH 3) until the aqueous phase shows a pH of 4. The aqueous phase is extracted with 50 mL of petroleum ether (bp 40 - 60 rC). The combined organic extracts are dried over MgS04 and concentrated in vacuo to give a slightly tan oil yield 5.34 g (90%) ca. 90% ee. 

To a —78 C solution of 23.1 mL (100 mmol) of triisopropyl borate and 8.15 mL (110 mmol) of 3-chloro-l-propene in 100 inL of dry THF is added dropwisc via a cannula over 0.5 h a solution of LDA (110 mmol prepared in 200 mL of THF from 110 mmol of diisopropylamine and 47.9 mL of 2.3 M butyllithium in hexane), This mixture is stirred for an additional 0.5 h at — 78 "C then a solution of 75.9 ntL of 2.9 M anhyd hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether is added and the mixture is allowed to warm to 25 °C. The mixture is concentrated in vacuo (20 Torr) and the residue extracted with three 100-mL portions of pentane, Filtration under nitrogen followed by distillation under reduced pressure provides 18.0 g (88%) of diisopropyl l-chloro-2-propenylboronate bp 95-96 "C/25 Torr. Transesterification of this intermediate with 1.3-propanediol provides the title compound in almost quantitative yield bp 110-112°C/20Torr. 

A solution of 5 (from 44.2 g of the dimer) in 750 mL of THF is added under nitrogen by forced siphon through a stainless steel cannula to a stirred, cooled ( —78 X) solution of 50.9 g (0.54 mol) of chloromethyl menthyl ether (6) in 150 mL of THF. After addition, the solution is allowed to warm to 25 X, stirred for an additional 2 h. then the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. 800 mL of pentane are added and the slurry is filtered through a cake of anhyd MgS04. Solvent removal and chromatography of the residue [alumina, hexane, then (C2H5)20/hexane 1 10] affords menthyloxymethyl complex 7 as an amber oil yield 78.5 g (91%). 

To a cold (—78 C) solution of 0.8 g (3.9 mmol) of 3-(phenylsulfinyl)-l-cyclohcxcnc in 20 mL of THF is added a cold ( — 78 lC) solution of 4.37 mmol of LDA in 20 mL of THF via a cannula. The resulting yellow solution is stirred at —78 C for 30 min, and then 0.7 mL (4.0 mmol) of HMPA is added, followed after 5 min by the addition of 0.320 g (3.9 mmol) of 2-cyclopentenone, and the solution is stilted at —78 C for 15 min. A solution of 0.26 mL of acetic acid in 2 mL of diethyl ether is added and the solution warmed to 25 C, diluted with aq NH4C1, and extracted with three portions ol diethyl ether. The combined extracts are washed with aq NaCl, dried over MgSC)a, concentrated, and column chromatographed to give the title compound yield 0.562 g (50%). Starting sulfoxides and enones were also recovered. 

The therapeutic effect achieved lysis of thrombi or emboli occurs and the catheter or cannula is patent. 

Cannulae are fabricated on special order from stainless steel hypodermic needle stock by Popper and Sons Company, 290 Park Avenue, South, New York, N.Y., 10010. Approximately 30-cm. long cannulae made from 15 and 20 gauge stock were used in this preparation. 

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