Insulin cannula

Pumps are surgically implanted subcutaneously, normally in the abdomen, and the catheter tip is usually placed in the peritoneal space, as intravenous deUvery generally has been less successful. The catheter is undoubtedly the weakest point in implantable pumps, and the most significant complication with these pumps has been recurrent episodes of apparent pump slowdown related to catheter obstruction. In the early days, these events were most often attributed to insulin precipitation in the delivery cannulas. However, more carefiil inspection revealed that the problem in the majority of cases was, in fact, caused by small fibrin plugs at the end of the catheter or even macroscopic tissue encapsulation of the catheter tip. 

This medical device is a small, programmable pump that administers insulin via the infusion set, consisting of a cannula and a needle. It is designed to be used for insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSll). The patch pump is a variant that combines the infusion set with the pump in a common housing (usually referred to as the pod). This unit is applied to the skin as an adhesive patch and replaced after two or three days. It is controlled by a separate unit (the personal diabetes manager, PDM) with a wireless link to the pod. Patch pumps were introduced in the USA around 2007 and have been available in Europe since mid-2010. The MID is the electrical chassis for the single-use insulin management system (Fig. 9.7). 

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