Candidiasis antifungal agents

Selection of antifungal agents to treat uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis is influenced by patient preference,... 

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is often a presumptive diagnosis based on signs and symptoms, along with the resolution of them after treatment with antifungal agents. 

Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used as miconazole base or miconazole nitrate for the treatment of superficial candidiasis and of skin infections dermato-phytosis and pityriasis versicolor. The drug has also been given intravenously by infusion for the treatment of disseminated fungal infections. Miconazole can be given by mouth in a dose of 120-240 mg, as oral gel four times daily after food, for... 

The use of imidazole antifungal agents such as econazole is the mainstay of treatment in vaginal thrush (candidiasis). 

Candidiasis Known or previously unrecognized candidiasis may present more prominent symptoms during therapy with tinidazole and requires treatment with an antifungal agent. 

Ketoconazole remains useful in the treatment of cutaneous and mucous membrane dermatophyte and yeast infections, but it has been replaced by the newer triazoles in the treatment of most serious Candida infections and disseminated mycoses. Ketoconazole is usually effective in the treatment of thrush, but fluconazole is superior to ketoconazole for refractory thrush. Widespread dermatophyte infections on skin surfaces can be treated easily with oral ketoconazole when the use of topical antifungal agents would be impractical. Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with topical imidazoles is less expensive. 

K. M. Wasan and J. S. Conklin, Evaluation of renal toxicity and antifungal activity of free and liposomal amphotericin B following a single intravenous dose to diabetic rats with systemic candidiasis, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40 1806-1810, (1996). 

Treatment of refractory or recurrent oral mucosal candidiasis (i.e., defined as clinically unresponsive to appropriate antifungal regimen) is frequently unsatisfactory, and clinical response is usually shortlived, with rapid and periodic recurrences. The key risk factors for occurrence of refractory candidiasis are advanced stage of AIDS with low CD4 cell counts (<50 ceUs/mm ) and repeated or prolonged courses of various systemic antifungal agents, in particular... 

Hepatosplenic candidiasis—Clinical presentation often manifested only as fever while a patient remains neutropenic (<1000 WBC/ mm ). When the WBC count increases to >1000 cells/mm, imaging studies can detect the presence of abscess or microabscesses in the liver and spleen, often found with acute suppurative and granulomatous reactions. Infection may persist for months and ultimately cause the patient s death despite aggressive systemic therapy with antifungal agents. Also known as chronic systemic candidiasis. 

Butoconazole is a vaginal antifungal agent that increases cell membrane permeability in susceptible fungi. It is indicated for local treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (monihasis). 

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