Candida polysaccharides

Another microbial polysaccharide-based emulsifier is Hposan, produced by the yeast Candida lipolytica when grown on hydrocarbons (223). Liposan is apparentiy induced by certain water-immiscible hydrocarbons. It is composed of approximately 83% polysaccharide and 17% protein (224). The polysaccharide portion consists of D-glucose, D-galactose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactose, and D-galacturonic acid. The presence of fatty acyl groups has not been demonstrated the protein portion may confer some hydrophobic properties on the complex. 

Roesler, I. et al., Application of purified polysaccharides from cell cultures of the plant Echinacea purpurea to mice mediates protection against systemic infections with Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans, Int J Immunopharmacol, 13, 27, 1991. 

Steinmuller, C. et al., Polysaccharides isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea enhance the resistance of immunosuppressed mice against systemic infections with Candida albicans and Listeria monocytogenes, Int J Immunopharmacol, 15, 605, 1993. 

Whey permeate may also be fermented anaerobically to fuel gas. Studies have also been reported on the production of ammonium lactate by continuous fermentation of deproteinized whey to lactic acid followed by neutralization with ammonia. Conversion of whey and whey permeate to oil and single-cell protein with strains of Candida curvata and Trichosporon cutaneum have been examined. Production of the solvents n-butanol and acetone by Clostridium acetobutylicum or C. butyricum is under investigation in New Zealand. Whey permeate also has potential for citric acid and acrylic acid manufacture. Extracellular microbial polysaccharide production from whey permeate has... 

Candida bogoriensis polysaccharides contain a (1— 3)-linked a-D-mannopyranosyl main-chain. Fucopyranosyl, rhamnopyranosyl, and galactofuranosyl nonreducing end-units are present, and side-chain components are represented by partial-hydrolysis products, a-L-Rhap-... 

S. P. Grigor eva, G. I. Vorob eva, V. A. Vysloukh, G. N. Maksimova and I. S. Kulaev (1973). Polyphosphates, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids in cells of Candida quillermondii assimilating petroleum under different conditions of culture (in Russian). Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol., 9, 805—811. 

These enzymes can be used to make polyesters, polyacrylates, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other polymers. An example of such an application was acknowledged with the 2003 Academic Green Chemistry Award to Richard A. Gross for a broad range of lipase-catalyzed polyester syntheses (see Ritter, 2003). The reaction shown in Figure 12.9 occurs under mild conditions and high selectivity using the immobilized lipase B, harvested from the bacterium Candida antarctica. 

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