Cancer therapy photosensitizers

Zhan, Q. Voumard, P. Zenobi, R. Chemical analysis of cancer therapy photosensitizers by 2-step laser mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 3259-3266. 

Zhan, Q., Voumard, P., and Zenobi, R., "Chemical-Analysis of Cancer-Therapy Photosensitizers by 2-Step Laser Mass-Spectrometry," Anal. Chem. 66,3259-3266, 1994. 

Keywords Photodynamic therapy Photosensitizer Photochemistry Reactive oxygen species Cancer Microorganism Infection... 

Schmitt F, Govindaswamy P, Zava O, Suss-Fink G, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Therrien B (2009) Combined arene ruthenium porphyrins as chemotherapeutics and photosensitizers for cancer therapy. J Biol Inorg Chem 14 101-109... 

Singlet oxygen is used in the treatment of cancer by photosensitization (photodynamic therapy). This involves treatment with certain porphyrin derivatives which localize preferentially in the tumour, fol-... 

Following detection of the antiviral activity of hypericin 1 (see above), a number of observations have suggested that this compound may as well represent a potential anti-cancer therapy. These biological properties include the light-dependent inhibition of protein kinase C [142], the photosensitized inhibition of mitochondrial succinoxidase [143], and the photoinduced inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) tyrosine kinase activity [144]. 

In 2002, Cavaleiro et al. [38] developed the stereoselective synthesis of glycoconjugated isoxazoUdine-fused chlorines (potential photosensitizers in photodynamic cancer therapy) by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (83) with glycosyl nitrones 41-43 and 84. In all cases of sugar moieties, the configuration of the major products 85 indicated an endo addition, as shown in Fig. 18. 

The divasity of materials that can be appended to the CPMV coat protein using dick chemistry was furtha demonstrated when the Finn and Manchesta labs attached fullerenes (bucky-balls ) to the exterior surface of the virus. By using dick chemistry, the hydrophobic Cso molecules could be attached to the CPMV capsid, as well as the capsid of bacteriophage Q(3, allowing for solubilization of the highly hydrophobic fullerene. The modified capsids wae readily taken up by cdls, and the authors proposed that the buckyballs could be used as photosensitizers for cancer therapy in future applications. 

Figure 10.8 Photosensitizer (Ce6)-loaded plasmonic gold vesicles (GVs) for trimodality fluorescence/thermal/photoacoustic imaging guided synergistic photothermal/photodynamic cancer therapy. (Reproduced with permission from S. Wang, P. Huang, L. Nie, R. Xing, D. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Lin, S. Chen, G. Niu, G. Lu and X. Chen, Adv. Mater., 2013,25,3055. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society. )...

Photosensitizer loaded and conjugated glycol chitosan NPs For cancer therapy [196]... 

Jin LS, Koo H, Jeong H, Huh MS, Choi Y, Jeong SY, Byun Y, Choi K, et al. Comparative study of photosensitizer loaded and conjugated glycol chitosan nanoparticles for cancer therapy. J Control Release. 2011 152(l) 21-9. 

This photosensitized oxidation process forms the basis for light activated cancer therapy, called photodynamic therapy. 

While PDT has mainly been used as a cancer therapy, it is clear that its applications are extending to many noncancerous conditions, as is evident from some of the foregoing. Other areas currently being investigated are prevention of restenosis after balloon angioplasty for cardiac artery disease, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (inflammatory cells are particularly prone to photosensitizer uptake), and certain early detection indications. 

Weider, M.E., Hone, D.C., Cook, M.J., Handsley, M.M., Gavrilovic J. and Russel, D.A. (2006) Intracellular photodynamic therapy with photosensitizer-nanoparticle conjugates cancer therapy using a trojan horse . Photochemical and Photobidogical Sciences, 5, 727-34. 

Light therapy is an alternative treatment for depression associated with seasonal (e.g., winter) exacerbations. Possible side effects include eye strain, headache, insomnia, and hypo-mania.16,17 Also, potentially vulnerable patients, such as those with photosensitivity or a history of skin cancer, should be evaluated carefully prior to therapy.16... 

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