Cancer magnetic resonance imaging

Liquid helium s use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continues to increase as the medical profession accepts and develops new uses for the equipment. This equipment has eliminated some need for exploratory surgery by accurately diagnosing patients. Another medical application uses MRE to determine (by blood analysis) whether a patient has any form of cancer. 

Pure carbon spheres of Cf,(l the fullerenes—react avidly with free radicals with a higher antioxidant ability than the naturally occurring vitamin E (21). Endohedral fullerenes have been shown to be capable of encapsulating a variety of atoms such as radiotracers or noble gases, thereby making them efficient excipients in the delivery of radioisotopes to cancer cells or in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (22). 

Rifkiii. M D et al Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography in Staging Early Prostate Cancer," New Eng. J. Med., 623 (September 6,... 

Shrinkage in tumor size is a useful measure of clinical response, and this effect can be demonstrated by physical examination, chest film or other x-ray, or special scanning procedures such as bone scanning (breast, prostate cancer), CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasonography. 

Rosenthal, D.I. et al. (1999) A phase I single-dose trial of gadolinium texaphyrin (Gd-Tex), a tumor selective radiation sensitizer detectable by magnetic resonance imaging, Clin. Cancer Res. 5, 739-745. 

It is only the ability of modern chemistry to detect very small quantities of materials that made the following discovery possible. In some recent research it was reported that one subtle way in which cancer tumours cells differ from normal cells is how they metabolize carbohydrates present on their surfaces. Cancer cells have far more of the carbohydrate sialic acid, which can be detected with MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) analytical techniques. It was found that the sialic acid normally appears on the surface of the cells only in foetal development, but it appears abnormally in patients with gastric, colon, pancreatic, liver, lung, prostate and breast cancers, as well as in leukaemia. Research is continuing.1... 

Saito, R., Bringas, J. R., McKnight,T. R.,Wendland, M. F., Mamot, C., Drummond, D. C., Kiprotin, D. B., Park, J. W., Berger, M. S., and Bankiewicz, K. S. (2004), Distribution of liposomes into brain and rat brain tumor models by convection-enhanced delivery monitored with magnetic resonance imaging, Cancer Res., 64, 2572-2579. 

Medved, M., Karczmar, G, Yang, C., etal. (2004) Semiquantitative analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in cancer patients variability and changes in tumor tissue over time. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 20, 122-128. 

Buckley, D.L., Drew, P.J., Mussurakis, S., etal. (1997) Microvessel density of invasive breast cancer assessed by dynamic Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 1, 461-464. 

Hamm B, Kirchin M, Pirovano G, Spinazzi A. Clinical utility and safety of MultiHance in magnetic resonance imaging of liver cancer results of multicenter studies in Europe and the USA. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999 23(Suppl l) S53-60. 

Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive NMR technique used for the diagnosis of brain cancer and many other conditions. 

Eichhorn ME et al (2006) Paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic Hpid complexes (MBT-0206) impairs functional tumor vascular properties as detected by dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer Biol Ther 5 89-96... 

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