Cancer hypoxic

Hypoxic mammahan ceU radiosensitization by nitric oxide, Cancer Res. S3 5845-5848. 

Brown, J.M., 1999, The hypoxic ceU a target for selective cancer therapy-eighteenth Bruce F. Cain Memorial Award lecture, Cancer Res. 59 5863-5870. 

Keyes SR, Loomis R, DiGiovanna MP, Pritsos CA, Rockwell S, Sartorelli AC (1991) Cytotoxicity and DNA crosslinks produced by mitomycin analogs in aerobic and hypoxic EMT6 cells. Cancer Commun 3(10-11) 351-356... 

On June 2, 2004, the PDA gave an approvable letter to market efaproxaril if the ongoing phase-three trial, called ENRICH (Enhancing Whole Brain Radiation Therapy in Patients with Breast Cancer and Hypoxic Brain Metastases), designed specifically for the use of efaproxaril to treat metastatic breast cancer to brain, is successful. The ENRICH phase three trial will seek to enroll approximately 360 patients at up to 50 cancer centers across North/South America and Europe. In the letter, the PDA stated, if the study shows effectiveness in this population (increased survival) using the prespecified analysis, and the study is otherwise satisfactory, we believe it would, together with the subset result in RT-009, support approval (http //biz.yahoo.eom/prnews/040602/law025 l.html). 

Bush RS, Jenkin RD, Allt WE, Beale FA, Bean H, Dembo AJ, Pringle JF (1978) Definitive evidence for hypoxic cells influencing cure in cancer therapy. Br J Cancer 37 (Suppl III), 302-306... 

Lin Q, Yun Z (2010) Impact of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment on the regulation of cancer stem ceU characteristics. Cancer Biol Ther 9 949-956... 

Brown JM. Exploiting the hypoxic cancer cell mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Mol Med Today 2000 6(4) 157-162. 

Douple EB, Richmond RC. Platinum complexes as radiosensitizers of hypoxic mammalian cells. Br J Cancer 1978 37(Suppl III) 98—102. 

Overgaard J, Hansen HS, Overgaard M, et al. A randomized double-blind phase III study of nimorazole as a hypoxic radiosensitizer of primary radiotherapy in supraglottic larynx and pharynx carcinoma. Results of the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Study (DAHANCA) Protocol 5-85. Radiother Oncol 1998 46 135-146. 

Lee CG, Heijn M, di Tomaso E, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment augments tumor radiation response under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Cancer Research 2000 60(19) 5565-5570. 

Metronidazole (135) is a y-radiation sensitizer of hypoxic cells in cancer radiotherapy. Irradiation with UV light in oxygen-free neutral aqueous solution results in quantitative rearrangement to the oxadiazole (136) (Scheme 60) <87HCA171,87JCS(P1)1817>. 

The rate of growth of human and experimental cancers is initially quite rapid (exponential) and then slows until a plateau is reached. The decrease in growth rate with increasing tumor size is related both to a decrease in the proportion of cancer cells actively proliferating (termed the growth fraction) and to an increase in the rate of cell loss due to hypoxic necrosis, poor nutrient supply, immunological defense mechanisms, and other processes. 

P.M.J. McSheehy, S.P. Robinson, A.S.E. Ojugo, E.O. Aboagye, M.B. Cannell, M.O. Leach, I.R. Judson, J.R. Griffiths, Carbogen breathing increases 5-Fluorouracil uptake and cytotoxicity in hypoxic Rif-1 tumors A magnetic resonance study in vivo. Cancer Res. 58 (1998) 118 1194. 

Hypoxic cells are present in the malignant tumors they result from the fast proliferation of the cancer cells. 

Merighi S, Benini A, Mirandola P, Gessi S, Varani K, Simioni C, Leung E, Maclennan S, Baraldi PG, Borea PA (2007a) Caffeine inhibits adenosine-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-lalpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-8 expression in hypoxic human colon cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 72(2) 395-406... 

Adhikari N, Charles N, Lehmann U, Hall J (2006) Transcription factor and kinase-mediated signaling in atherosclerosis and vascular injury. Curr Atheroscler Rep 8(3) 252-260 Alchera E, Tacchini L, Imarisio C, Dal Ponte C, De Ponti C, Gammella E, Cairo G, Albano E, Carini R (2008) Adenosine-dependent activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 induces late preconditioning in liver cells. Hepatology 48(1) 230—239 Bjomheden T, Levin M, Evaldsson M, Wiklund O (1999) Evidence of hypoxic areas within the arterial wall in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 19(4) 870-876 Blay J, White TD, Hoskin DW (1997) The extracellular fluid of solid carcinomas contains immunosuppressive concentrations of adenosine. Cancer Res 57(13) 2602-2605... 

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