Cancer General

Long-term use of hormone-replacement therapy and concurrent use of progestins appear to contribute to breast cancer risk.7 The use of postmenopausal estrogen-replacement therapy in women with a history of breast cancer generally is considered contraindicated. However, most experts believe that the safety and benefits of low-dose oral contraceptives currently outweigh the potential risks and that changes in the prescribing practice for the use of oral contraceptives are not warranted. Oral contraceptives are known to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by about 40% and the risk of endometrial cancer by about 60%. 

Locally advanced cancer breast cancer generally refers to breast carcinomas with significant primary tumor and nodal disease but in which distant metastases cannot be documented. A wide variety of clinical scenarios can be seen within this group of patients, including neglected tumors that have spread locally and inflammatory breast cancers that are a unique clinical entity. Many locally advanced breast cancers are diagnosed in patients who have had symptoms for months to years and have neglected to seek medical attention. Patients with inflammatory breast cancer often are treated inappropriately for cellulitis with antibiotics for several weeks to months. 

Patients with skin cancer generally present with a lesion that may be located anywhere on the body. The most common sites are the head, neck, trunk, and extremities. Changes in any characteristics of a lesion are important danger warning signals. Abnormal presentations of a mole/lesion indicate the need for further assessment. 

CA 125 is a widely used cancer marker for monitoring treatment responses and detecting disease recurrences in patients with ovarian cancer. Generally, the CA 125 cutoff value of 35 U/ml is used for the mean value in normal women. It has been shown that values above and below this cutoff correlate reasonably well with the regression or progression of disease (6, 7). 

Surgery for colon cancer generally involves complete tumor resection with an appropriate margin of tumor-free bowel and a regional lymphadenectomy. 

There is sufficient evidence to provide a strong presumption that human exposure to a substance may result in the development of cancer, generally on the basis of appropriate long-term animal studies, other relevant information. 

Although manipulation of the host immune response in animal tumor models has at times yielded impressive therapeutic results, attempts to extend these results to human cancers generally have been disappointing. 

The alkylating agents are used in the treatment of a wide variety of hematologic and solid cancers, generally as part of a combination regimen. They are discussed along with various specific tumors (below). 

A disadvantage of using fatalities is that it does not take into account the effects of nonfatal cancers on the quality of life. Although cancer is fearful mainly because it is often fatal, treatments even in cases that are rarely fatal (e.g., thyroid and skin cancer) generally are not welcomed, and some successful cures can significantly affect an individual s quality of life. The use of fatalities also does not take into account that cures for cancer depend greatly on the availability and intensity of medical care, which in turn depends on socioeconomic conditions. 

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy of Cancer General Considerations... 

Surgery for colon cancer generally involves complete tumor resection with an appropriate margin of tumor-free bowel and a regional lymphadenectomy. Surgery for rectal cancer depends on the area involved. Although less than 33% of these patients require permanent colostomy, frequent complications include urinary retention, incontinence, impotence, andlocoregional recurrence. 

Bieliauskas, L. A. and Garron, D. C. (1982). Psychological depression and cancer. General Hospital Psychiatry 4 187-95. 

Papachritou DN, Fortner JG (1981) Is gastric cancer generalized at the time of surgery Surg Oncol 18 27-29... 

Traditional Medicine. Has been used for thousands of years in treating coughs, colds, chronic bronchitis, toothache, earache, dandruff, high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, hysteria also used extensively in cancers generally as the juice, cold infusion, or tincture. 

Cancer (general) NHANES adults 1,455 Spot urine No association between urinary levels of BPA and cancer incidence Lang et al. (2008)... 

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