Cancer effects

The conunittee reviewed the human, animal, and mechanistic evidence on lead cardnogenicity, first by the reviewing the evaluations of LARC (2006), NTP (2011), and EPA (2012). The NTP Monograph on Health Effects of Low-Level Lead (NTP 2012) reviewed in Chapter 4 did not include cancer end points. Through hterature searches, the conunittee also identified relevant recent studies 

Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel 

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Cancer Effect Level-Humans A LOAEL. More Serious-Humans A LOAEL, Less Serious-Humans A NOAEL - Humans... 

Differences in levels of health effects and cancer effects between males and females are not indicated in Figure 3-2. Where such differences exist, only the levels of effect for the most sensitive gender are presented. 

Cancer Effect Level (CEL)—The lowest dose of chemical in a study, or group of studies, that produces significant increases in the incidence of cancer (or tumors) between the exposed population and its appropriate control. 

Tables (3-1, 3-2, and 3-3) and figures (3-1 and 3-2) are used to summarize health effects and illustrate graphically levels of exposure associated with those effects. These levels cover health effects observed at increasing dose concentrations and durations, differences in response by species, minimal risk levels (MRLs) to humans for noncancer end points, and EPA s estimated range associated with an upper- bound individual lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 10,000,000. Use the LSE tables and figures for a quick review of the health effects and to locate data for a specific exposure scenario. The LSE tables and figures should always be used in conjunction with the text. All entries in these tables and figures represent studies that provide reliable, quantitative estimates of No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Levels (NOAELs), Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Levels (LOAELs), or Cancer Effect Levels (CELs).

CEL A Cancer Effect Level (CEL) is the lowest exposure level associated with the onset of carcinogenesis in experimental or epidemiologic studies. CELs are always considered serious effects. The LSE tables and figures do not contain NOAELs for cancer, but the text may report doses not causing measurable cancer increases. 

CEL Key number 38r is 1 of 3 studies for which Cancer Effect Levels were derived. The diamond S5mibol refers to a Cancer Effect Level for the test species-mouse. The number 38 corresponds to the entry in the LSE table. 

Cancer Effect Level-Animals LOAEL, More Serious-Animals LOAEL, Less Serious-Animals NOAEL - Animals... 

Human data as well as studies in animals have provided negative evidence of carcinogenicity for endosulfan (Hack et al. 1995 Hoechst 1988b, 1989a). However, endosulfan promoted the development of altered hepatic foci in rats initiated with nitrosodiethylamine (Fransson-Steen et al. 1992). Although the mechanism of tumor promotion of endosulfan is not known, it has been suggested that it involves inhibition of cellular communication (Kenne et al. 1994). A brief discussion of this topic is provided in Section 2.5 under Cancer Effects. 

Abe, R., and Taneichi, N. (1972). Lymphatic metastasis in experimental cecal cancer Effectiveness of lymph nodes as barriers to the spread of tumor cells. Arch. Surg.. 104, 95-98. 

Levels of exposure associated with carcinogenic effects (Cancer Effect Levels, CELs) of trichloroethylene are indicated in Tables 2-1 and 2-2 and Figures 2-1 and 2-2. 

Bd Wt = body weight BuChE = butyrylcholinesterase Cardio = cardiovascular CEL = cancer effect effect level contin = continuous d = day(s) Derm = dermal Endocr = endocrine F = female Gastro = gastrointestinal Gd = gestation day(s) Gn pig = guinea pig Hemato = hematological hr= hour(s) LC50 = lethal concentration, 50% kill LOAEL = lowest-observed-adverse-effect level M = male min = minute(s) mo = month(s) Musc/skel = musculoskeletal NOAEL = no-observed-adverse-ettect level NS = not specified Resp = respiratory wk = week(s)... 

The lowest concentrations resulting in cancer in reliable animal studies are indicated as cancer effect levels (CELs) in Table 2-1 and Figure 2-1. 

Cancer Effect Level - CEL (animals) [ Minimal risk level for effects 1 other than cancer V/... 

Cancer effect levels (CELs) from all reliable studies are reeorded in Table 2-2 and plotted in Figure 2-2. 

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