Cancer chemopreventive agent

Ireson, C. R. et al., Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 11, 105, 2002. 

Chearwae, W. et al.. Modulation of the function of the multidrug resistance-linked ATP-binding transporter ABCG2 by the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin. Mol. Cancer Then, 5, 1995, 2006. 

The agent currently being used clinically as a breast cancer chemoprevention agent is tamoxifen. In randomized trials of tamoxifen as an adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, women who received tamoxifen also were found to have a reduced incidence of contralateral primary breast carcinomas.16 A... 

There are no currently recommended prostate cancer chemoprevention agents. 

Verschoyle R D, Greaves P, Cai H, Borkhardt A, Broggini M, D Incalci M, Ricci E, Doppalapudi R, Kapetanovic I M, Steward W P and Gescher A J (2005), Preliminary safety evaluation of the putative cancer chemopreventive agent tricin, a naturally occurring flavone , Cancer Chem Pharmacol, 57, 1-6. 

Boone CW, Kelloff GJ and Maolone WE. 1990. Identification of candidate cancer chemopreventive agents and their evaluation in animal models and human clinical trials a review. Cancer Res 50 2-9. 

Thomasset SC, Berry DP, Garcea G, Marczylo T, Steward WP and Gescher AJ. 2006. Dietary polyphe-nolic phytochemicals—promising cancer chemopreventive agents in humans A review of their clinical properties. Int J Cancer 120(3) 451-458. 

There are numerous other polyphenolic compounds possessing in vitro and in vivo antioxidative activity. Several examples of these compounds are cited below. One of nonflavonoid polyphenols of particular interest is resveratrol (3,5,4 -trihydroxy-Znmv-stilbcne, Figure 29.8), which has been identified as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent and an antimutagen [182]. It has been found that resveratrol is the efficient inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and the inhibitor of free radical-mediated cellular processes. For example, resveratrol is a better free radical scavenger than a-tocopherol or ascorbic acid but has nearly the same activity as... 

Izzotti, R. A. Lubet, G. J. Kelloff, and S. De Flora. Modulation of apoptosis by cigarette smoke and cancer chemopreventive agents in the respiratory tract of rats. Carcinogenesis 2001 22(3) 375-380. 

The hydroxylation of limonene affected its chemopreventive potential. The hydroxylated forms carveol, uroterpenol and sobrerol decreased tumour yield, sobrerol being the most potent. These monoterpenes were reported as cancer chemopreventive agents with little or no toxicity [292]. Also, carveol showed chemoprentive activity against carcinogens [293]. 

The laboratory work on potential cancer chemopreventive agents carried out at the University of Illinois at Chicago was supported by program project P01 CA48112 (Principal Investigator, John M. Pezzuto, Ph.D.), funded by the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. 

Compounds 33, 38, 39, and 47 have been selected for preclinical development as potential cancer chemopreventive agents by the National Cancer Institute through the Rapid Access to Preventive Intervention Development (RAPID) program (http //www3.cancer.gov/prevention/rapid/). 

Boocock DJ, Faust GE, Patel KR, Schinas AM, Brown VA, Ducharme MP, Booth TD, Crowell JA, Perloff M, Gescher AJ, Steward WP, Brenner DE. 2007. Phase I dose escalation pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers of resveratrol, a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16 1246-1252. 

Sale S, Verschoyle RD, Boocock D, Jones DJ, Wilsher N, Ruparelia KC, Potter GA, Farmer PB, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. 2004. Pharmacokinetics in mice and growth-inhibitory properties of the putative cancer chemopreventive agent resveratrol and the synthetic analogue trans 3,4,5,4 -tetramethoxystilbene. Br J Cancer 90 736-744. 

Gerhauser C, Klimo K, Heiss E, Neumann I, Gamal-Eldeen A, Knauft J, Liu GY, Sitthimonchai S, Frank N. 2003. Mechanism-based in vitro screening of potential cancer chemopreventive agents. Mutat Res 523-524 163-172. 

Kwak MK, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW. 2002. Enhanced expression of the transcription factor Nrf2 by cancer chemopreventive agents Role of antioxidant response element-like sequences in the nrf2 promoter. Mol Cell Biol 22 2883-2292. 

Shen G, Xu C, Hu R, Jain MR, Gopalkrishnan A, Nair S, Huang MT, Chan JY, Kong AN. 2006. Modulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-mediated gene expression in mice liver and small intestine by cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin. Mol... 

Stoner GD, Mukhtar H. 1995. Polyphenols as cancer chemopreventive agents. J Cell Biochem Suppl 22 169-180. 

Larsson, S.C., Rose, D.P., and Connolly, J.M., Omega-3 fatty acids as cancer chemopreventive agents, Pharmacol. Ther., 83, 217, 1999. 

Masso-Welch, P.A., Zangani, D., Ip, C. et al., Inhibition of angiogenesis by the cancer chemopreventive agent conjugated linoleic acid, Cancer Res., 62, 4383-9, 2002. 

Prostaglandins (PG) and nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), respectively, have been implicated as important mediators in the processes of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Potential COX-2 and iNOS inhibitors have been considered as anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents [25]. 

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