Cancer carbohydrates

Li, R., Chen, W. G, Wang, W. P., Tian, W. Y., and Zhang, X. G. (2009). Extraction, characterization of Astragalus polysaccharides and its immune modulating activities in rats with gastric cancer. Carbohydr. Polym. 78, 738-742. 

Mucins Vaccines Cancer Carbohydrates Antigens Glycosylation Glycopeptides... 

Novel therapeutics for cancer Carbohydrate-based cancer vaccine... 

The isothiazole ring does not occur in nature. By far the most important synthetic isothiazole derivative is saccharin. This was the first non-carbohydrate sweetening agent to be discovered, as long ago as 1879. It is about 300 times as sweet as sucrose, and is still used in many countries as a non-nutritive sweetener. After it was found that administration of massive doses to rats caused bladder cancer, its use was banned in the New World, but the controversy continues as to whether there is any danger when it is used in small quantity. Saccharin is also used as an additive in electroplating processes (73AHC(15)233). 

Nitro ilkenes derived from galdctose or other carbohydrates are converted directly into pyrroles siibsdnited v/ith such carbohydrates at the fi-posidon. They are important precursors for water-soluble porphyrins fEq. 10.29. Such kmds of porphyrins are good candidates for photodynamic therapy of cancer and have been extensively snithed. 

Mrochek, J. E., Dinsmore, S. R., Tormey, D. C., and Waalkes, T. P., Protein-bound carbohydrates in breast cancer, liquid-chromatographic analysis for mannose, galactose, fucose, and sialic acid in serum, Clin. Chem., 22, 1516, 1976. 

Koganty, R.R., Reddish, M.A., and Fongenecker, B.M. (1996) Glycopeptide- and carbohydrate-based synthetic vaccines for the immunotherapy of cancer. Drug Disco. Today, 1, 190-198. 

Vitetta, E.S., and Thorpe, P.E. (1985) Immunotoxins containing ricin A or B chains with modified carbohydrate residues act synergistically in killing neoplastic B cells in vitro. Cancer Drug Deliv. 2, 191. 

The use of BRMs to treat human disease has its origins in the use of bacterial toxins to treat cancer by William B. Coley.73 These early studies resulted in the use of microbi-ally-derived substances such as BCG, Picibanil, carbohydrates from plants or fungi such as Krestin and Lentinan, other products such as Biostim and Broncho-Vaxom, as well as thymic extracts (Table 9.4). However, the lot-to-lot variation in the manufacture of these drugs has dampened enthusiasm. Equally, the focus on MOAs in drug development strategies has also dampened developmental efforts. The particulate nature of some BRMs can also result in pulmonary thrombosis and respiratory distress following i.v. injection. However, BRMs are commonly used to treat bladder cancer and derivatives of natural products are routinely used clinically. 

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