Camphenes, chlorinated

Chlorinated camphene Chlorinated diphenyl oxide Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Chlorine trifluoride Chloroacetaldehyde... 

Figure 4. Products (middle row) of camphene chlorination in the dark (15, 16) and toxic compounds (bottom row) recently isolated from toxaphene...

The aim of variant (iii) is to obtain well-defined low-chlorinated single toxaphene components. Further chlorination of the single components allows one to produce several higher chlorinated components. The idea of this approach goes back to the initial investigators of the mechanisms of camphene chlorination [38,39,46]. In 1976, Parlar et al. prepared seven low-chlorinated bornanes by adding small amounts of Cl2 to camphene [103]. In a similar way, Turner et al. isolated 2-exo,10-dichlorobornane (B2-20). Photochlorination of B2-20 resulted in B7-515 (P-32) [53]. Parlar and co-workers applied this method to pro-... 

Chlorinated Terpenes. A group of incompletely characterized insecticidal compounds has been produced by the chlorination of the naturally occurring terpenes. Toxaphene [8001-35-2] is prepared by the chlorination of the bicycHc terpene, camphene [79-92-5] to contain 67—69% chlorine and has the empirical formula C QH QClg. The technical product is a yellowish, semicrystalline gum (mp 65—90°C, d 1.64) and is a mixture of 175 polychloro... 

Chlorinated camphene (toxaphene) Chlorinated diphenyl oxide Chlorine... 

Toxaphene, see Chlorinated camphene Tributyl phosphate 1,1,1 -Trichloroethane, see Methyl chloroform 10.7 20.25 0.020 0.3... 

Toxaphene is a complex mixture of compounds prepared by chlorinating camphene, and contains several hundred polychlorinated bornanes. After incubation with Sulfurospirillum (Dehalospirillum) multivorans only the hexa- (B6-923) and the heptachlorinated (B7-1001) remained. The nonachlorinated congener B9-1679 could be transformed by preferential dechlorination of the em-dichloro groups with formation of the heptachlorinated B7-1001 (Ruppe et al. 2003). Further examination showed that this congener could be dechlorinated to penta- and hexachlorinated bornanes (Ruppe et al. 2004). 

The purpose of this work was to determine the toxicity to mosquito larvae of insecticide spray residues. That certain insecticides are translocated in plants (4, 5) adds impetus to this study. Fresh orchard fruit sprayed or dusted with preparations containing parathion (0,0-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate), tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP, HEPP), DDD [2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l-dichloroethane], DDT [2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l,l-trichloroethane], chlorinated camphene, and basic lead arsenate were shipped from California to Yonkers, N. Y., by air express for bioassay. 

Different samples of chlorinated camphene containing from 62 to 72% of chlorine all give the same infrared spectra. However, the toxicity to flies reaches a maximum at a chlorine content of 67 to 69% and drops off rapidly below 60% and above 72%. From the results of both the infrared spectroscopic examination and the fly-toxicity tests given below, it is concluded that the organic-chlorine compound in the fat was essentially unchanged toxaphene. 

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