Camot, Sadi

Challcy, J. F. (1971). Camot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi . In Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. 3, ed. Charles Coulston Gillispie. New York Scribner. 

Benjamin Thompson), Robert Mayer, Sadi Camot, James Joule, and others (see [2—4] for historical accounts) - that heat is a form of energy. A vast amount of experience and experimentation can be generahzed in the following way (e.g., [5]) in any defined system, although fhe work done on the system (W) or the heat absorbed by fhe system (Q) in going from one state of the system to another varies wifh fhe pafh taken, fhe sum of W and Q is a constant and depends only on the initial and final states of fhe system under consideration. This generalization is formalized as follows ... 

Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot, the French engineer and physicist, was bom in Paris in 1796. His father, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot, was in the French military service. Sadi Camot is considered as the founder of modem thermodynamics. Famous for his invaluable contributions to science and thermodynamics, Sadi Camot was honored with the title Father of Thermodynamics. Some of his noteworthy contributions to thermodynamics are the concepts of Camot heat engine, Camot cycle, Carnot s theorem, Camot efficiency, and reversible cycle. 

The pioneering works of Sadi Camot, Clapeyron, James Prescott Joule, Clausius, Lord Kelvin, and Max Planck laid the foundation of the science of thermodynamics. Inspired by the works of their predecessors, James Clerk Maxwell, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Ludwig Boltzmann, and others continued advanced research contributing to evolution of thermodynamics to its modern form. 

Retrieved October 10, 2015 from http //www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/sadi-camot-550.php. 

Sadi Camot, 1824, lived 1796-1832, Fraich army officer and constructor of steam engines. ... 

Nicolas Lranard Sadi Camot (1796-1832). French [Aysicist. Son of a famous French general, Carnot was a pioneer in the study of the relationship between heat and mechanical work. 

Sadi Camot was the eldest son of Lazare Camot, a famous French anti-royalist politician, one of Napoleon s generals with a great interest in mathematics. As a boy Sadi was shy and sensitive. He studied at the Ecole Polytechnique, a training school for army engineers, and became an army officer. 

Though Sadi Carnot used the caloric theory of heat to reach his conclusions, his later scientific notes reveal his realization that the caloric theory was not supported by experiments. In fact, Camot understood the mechanical equivalence of heat and even estimated the conversion factor to be approximately 3.7 joules per calorie (the more accurate value being 4.18 J/cal) [1-3]. Unfortunately, Sadi Carnot s brother, Hippolyte Camot, who was in possession of Sadi s scientific notes from the time of his death in 1832, did not make them known to the scientific community until 1878 [3]. That was the year in which Joule published his last paper. By then the equivalence between heat and work and the law of conservation of energy were well known through the work of Joule, Helmholtz, Mayer and others. (It was also in 1878 that Gibbs published his famous work On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances). 

The pioneering work in the diiection of the second law of thermodynamics is considered to be performed in 1825 by Sadi Carnot investigating the Camot cycle [57, 80]. Carnot s main theoretical contribution was that he realized that the production of work by a steam engine depends on a flow of heat from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. However, Clausius (1822-1888) was the first that clearly stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics in 1850 [21] and the mathematical relationship called the inequality of Clausius in 1854 [80], The word entropy was coined by Clausius in 1854 [80],... 

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