Camera trap

I used infrared-triggered digital still cameras with infrared flash (Olympus Camedia, C-830L) at odour stations containing predator faeces, herbivore faeces, novel odour and blanks. Camera traps have the advantage over box traps that they are not... 

Table 36.1 Familiarity and evolutionary history with target prey species, faecal mass (mean SE), and collection details of odour sources used in camera traps. a(Strahan 1995), b(Cogger 1994), c(lones, Rose and Burnett 2001), d(Kruuk and Jarman 1995), e(Corbett 1995), /(Butler 1969 Cal-aby and Lewis 1977 Calaby and White 1967 Dawson 1982 Horton 1977), EP. Latch, personal communication, hBFP = Brisbane Forest Park, The Gap, Queensland LPKS = Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Fig Tree Pocket, Queensland CSIRO = CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Crace, ACT...

If a wildlife trail camera (camera trap) is available, set it up near the experimental scent mounds to record visits by beavers during the night. 

A camera trap captured this image of a mountain lion. Camera traps are a noninvasive way to study animals. 

In a camera trap, a camera is attached to a sensor that triggers the camera s shutter when an animal approaches. 

Although camera positions were static, blank and odour treatments were randomly assigned between stations each night. Three to five blank stations (attractant only) were placed in the study location every night. I conducted 15 replicates of each odour station (linseed oil + novel odour, herbivore or predator faeces) in the late dry season (October) 2003 (155 trap-nights), 25 replicates in the late wet season (May) 2004 (218 trap-nights) and 15 replicates in the late dry season (November) 2004 (120 trap-nights). 

Ftg. 61. Essential parts of a powder camera. A, aperture system B, guard tube CD, trap JS9 knife edges P, specimen S, springs XE, path of scattered X-rays. 

Method A is examination at 30x magnification with a binocular microscope and an optional camera. Illumination is at an oblique angle of 30° to accentuate the surface detail. The test piece is cut by a razor blade and vulcanized or unvulcanised material can be used. In the latter case, the sample is first compressed to minimize trapped air and the blade is heated. Warning is given that the result may not be the same as when using a vulcanized test piece. The result is compared to a set of standard photographs that are given in the standard. 

Micro structured wells (2 mm x 2 mm x 0.2 mm) on the catalyst quartz wafer were manufactured by sandblasting with alumina powder through steel masks [7]. Each well was filled with mg catalyst. This 16 x 16 array of micro reactors was supplied with reagents by a micro fabricated gas distribution wafer, which also acted as a pressure restriction. The products were trapped on an absorbent plate by chemical reaction, condensation or absorption. The absorbent array was removed from the reactor and sprayed with dye solution to obtain a color reaction, which was then used for the detection of active catalysts by a CCD camera. Alternatively, the analysis was also carried out with a scanning mass spectrometer. The above-described reactor configuration was used for the primary screening of the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene, the selective oxidation of ethane to acetic acid, and the selective ammonoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile. 

Figure 3.2. Debye-Scherrer camera without a cover showing cylindrical sample, collimator, incident beam trap, and the location of the x-ray film.

Fig. 1.23. The electron diffraction apparatus developed by Parks and coworkers includes an rf-ion trap, Faraday cup, and microchaimel plate detector (MCP) and is structured to maintain a cylindrical symmetry around the electron beam axis [147]. The cluster aggregation source emits an ion beam that is injected into the trap through an aperture in the ring electrode. The electron beam passes through a trapped ion cloud producing diffracted electrons indicated by the dashed hues. The primary beam enters the Faraday cup and the diffracted electrons strike the MCP producing a ring pattern on the phosphor screen. This screen is imaged by a CCD camera mounted external to the UHV chamber. The distance from the trapped ion cloud to the MCP is approximately 10.5 cm in this experiment...

Particles to be trapped are placed between a microscope slide and coverslip. Depending on the type of particle, the solution in which they are kept varies (water, kerosene etc). The optical trapping is observed using a CCD camera mounted on the microscope. 

Klopper JF, Hauser W, Atkins HL, Eckelman WC, Richards P (1972) Evaluation of Tc-99m-DTPA for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate, J Nucl Med 13 107-110 McAfee JG, Gagne G, Atkins HL, Kirchner PT, Reba RC, Blaufox MD, Smith EM (1979) Biological distribution and excretion of DTPA labeled with Tc-99m and In-111. J Nucl Med 20 1273-1278 Nielsen SP, Moller ML, Trap-Jensen J (1977) Tc-99m-DTPA scintillation-camera renography a new method for estimation of single-kidney function, J Nucl Med 18 112-117 O Reilly PH (1992) Diuresis renography. Recent advances and recommended protocols. Br J Urol 69 113-120... 

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