Camera cylindrical

Film diffraction data can be obtained by several techniques flat plate camera, cylindrical camera or precession camera. We chose the latter, because it records a relatively undistorted "slice" of diffraction transform (reciprocal space) (19,20). We felt that this characteristic of the precession technique outweighed the disadvantages of longer exposure times (this was lessened by use of a Helium atmosphere in the camera enclosure). For potassium bromide amylose, the fiber studied, this required exposure of a 79y x 79y x 300y fiber specimen for 45 hours (35kv,... 

Table 4 shows, the sources are available with physical sizes ranging from 1 mm x 1 mm up to 3 mm x 3 mm. They are produced from firmly compressed selenium pellets of cylindrical shape. The activities range up to 3 TBq or 80 Ci, which is the maximum allowed loading of the GammaMat SE portable isotope transport and working container, as well as the Source Projector M-Se crawler camera. 

X-ray powder diffraction studies are perfonned both with films and with counter diffractometers. The powder photograph was developed by P Debye and P Scherrer and, independently, by A W Hull. The Debye-Scherrer camera has a cylindrical specimen surrounded by a cylindrical film. In another commonly used powder... 

Cylindrical alkaline cells are 2inc—manganese dioxide cells having an alkaline electrolyte, which are constmcted in the standard cylindrical si2es, R20 "D", R14 "C", R6 "AA", R03 "AAA", as well as a few other less common si2es. They can be used in the same types of devices as ordinary Leclanchn and 2inc chloride cells. Moreover, the high level of performance makes them ideally suited for appHcations such as toys, audio devices, and cameras. 

The energy density of the system depends on the type of cell as well as the current drain. Table 3 gives the specification for the various hthium systems. These coia cells have already been widely used ia electronic devices such as calculators and watches, whereas the cylindrical cells have found apphcations ia cameras. 

They may be classified by their structure, as coin, cylindrical and pin types. Table 5, 6, 7 respectively show their specifications. Applications of Li -(CF)n batteries as power sources are spreading from professional and business uses, such as in wireless transmitters and integrated circuit (IC) memory preservation, to consumer uses in electronic watches, cameras, calculators, and the like. Pin-type batteries are used for illumination-type fishing floats with a light-emitting diode. Coin-type batteries, which have a stable packing insulation, separator, and electrolyte for high... 

Rotating camera images of a CO/O2 flame undergoing the inversion from the hemispherical cap flame to an inverted shape that is now considered a tulip or perhaps more accurately a "two-lip" flame. The flame propagates in a 20.3 cm long closed cylindrical tube of 2.5 cm diameter. (Adapted from EUis, O.C. de C. and Wheeler, R.V., /. Chem. Soc., 2,3215,1928.)... 

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the multimass ion imaging detection system. (1) Pulsed nozzle (2) skimmers (3) molecular beam (4) photolysis laser beam (5) VUV laser beam, which is perpendicular to the plane of this figure (6) ion extraction plate floated on V0 with pulsed voltage variable from 3000 to 4600 V (7) ion extraction plate with voltage Va (8) outer concentric cylindrical electrode (9) inner concentric cylindrical electrode (10) simulation ion trajectory of m/e = 16 (11) simulation ion trajectory of rri/e = 14 (12) simulation ion trajectory of m/e = 12 (13) 30 (im diameter tungsten wire (14) 8 x 10cm metal mesh with voltage V0] (15) sstack multichannel plates and phosphor screen. In the two-dimensional detector, the V-axis is the mass axis, and V-axis (perpendicular to the plane of this figure) is the velocity axis (16) CCD camera.

For such study, the expl charge (usually cylindrical) is mounted with its axis parallel to, and in line with, the slit of the camera. 

It was found during studies that side views of unconfined cylindrical chges of high d (1.6g/cc) Tetryl obtd during deton by the image-converter camera with exposure time of 0.2 microsec or less showed practically no outward luminosity in the region of the deton zone. Since it is known that the deton front has a curved profile somewhat as shown in Fig 3 it was decided that the luminosity was hidden by the protruding rim of unexploded material. To overcome this obstruction a strip of transparent polymethyl... 

A deton wave once formed in an expl has a tendency to die out or "fade if the diam of the expl is below a certain min (called boundary diam). It may be detd by using a cast cone detonated from the base. The diam of the cone at which the wave is extinguished is a measure of the fading properties of the expl. The observation may be made photographically by means of a rotating mirror camera. The value so obtd tends to be less than the value from cylindrical columns of expl. See Vol 4, p D223 Ref D.W. Woodheath R. Wilson, Nature 167, 565(1951)... 

The film is in contact with the cylindrical brass frame of the camera and is held in position by springs 8. Sharp edges E terminate the exposed part of the film abruptly. Light is excluded by a brass cover which fits over the whole camera the X-rav beam is admitted through a hole covered with black paper. Further details of the construction and use of Debye- Scherrer powder cameras can be found in a paper by... 

The length of c can be obtained very simply from this photograph by measuring the distance y of any layer line from the equator if the camera radius is r, then rjy is tan c is then given by wA/ccs , n being the number of the layer line selected (the equator having n = 0). For the potassium nitrate crystal, c is G-45 A. If a flat film is used instead of a cylindrical film, the layer lines are shown, not as straight lines... 

A Bernal chart for a cylindrical camera of any radius may be constructed graphically by drawing the plan and elevation of this model. Thus, if the height of any reciprocal lattice point above the origin is r and its distance from the axis of rotation is r(, the position of the reflection on the film is obtained in the following way. Draw a circle of radius r (Fig. 85 e), and then a chord NUT at a distance r from the centre (this is the circle of contact seen edgewise) UT is the radius of the circle of contact for this reciprocal lattice point. Join OT and produce to W on the line XC which is parallel to OU. WX is then the ordinate y of the spot on the film. Now draw the plan, that is, draw another circle of radius r (Fig. 85/ ) and in it describe a circle of radius UT. On this circle NT mark off the points Pv P2 which are at a distance r from X, and produce UPX to Yx and UP2 to Y2. The arcs XJ and XY2 are the abscissae x of the two reflections on the film produced by this plane. By doing this for a number of different values of r and rg, the complete chart is obtained. 

Cylindrical cells are widely used in devices such as automatic cameras, toys, headphone stereos, radios, liquid crystal TVs and other portable AV... 

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