Calories burning

Many diet pills that work by increasing the number of calories burned have been developed. Most of these contain one or more of the three ingredients caffeine, phenylpropanolamine (PPA), and ephedrine. In the United States, PPA and ephedrine have been withdrawn from the market because they produce serious side effects, including heart attack and stroke. Caffeine, which is still found in many diet pills, will be further discussed in Chapter 6. 

The problem with all those diets, as is true with any diet, is that for virtually everyone, going on a diet means going off that diet. The only approach that really works is to change one s lifestyle enough to reduce the number of calories taken in as food and to increase the amount of calories burned through physical activity. In other words, you need to go on the No-Fad Diet, as Dr. Robert Eckel called it in his editorial accompanying the article that compared the four diets mentioned above. 

Food Calories burned per hour will be higher for persons who weigh more than 154 lbs (70 kg) ... 

Table 33-8 lists a classification of work by severity. Some work involves higher activity levels than other work. Associated with level of severity is the typical rate of oxygen consumption and calories burned. Units of measure for the rate at which people bum energy are kcal/min or Btu/hr. 

Calculate the total number of calories you bum per day. Use basal metabolism for sleeping hours, and between 90 and 150 Cai/h, depending on your weight and activity level, for your waking hours. If you exercise regularly, include the number of calories burned during your exercise. (Moderate exercise uses about 300-500 Cal/h while strenuous exercise uses 500-700 Cal/h.)... 

Few people do manual labor anymore. Technology has modified behavior so that most people burn 2,500 to 3,000 calories a day, not 4,000 or more calories as was common up until the 1960s. The washboard was replaced by the washing machine the manual push mower was replaced by the power mower the snow shovel was replaced by the snow blower the stairs were replaced by the elevator. Technology has made it easy to be inactive, yet few individuals will blame technology for their obesity. 

The ABC cereal company is developing a new type of breakfast cereal to compete with a rival product that they call Brand X. You are asked to compare the energy content of the two cereals to see if the new ABC product is lower in calories so you burn 1.00-g samples of the cereals in oxygen in a calorimeter with a heat capacity of 600. J-(°C). When the Brand X cereal sample burned, the temperature rose from 300.2 K to 309.0 K. When the ABC cereal sample burned, the temperature rose from 299.0 K to 307.5 K. (a) What is the heat output of each sample (b) One serving of each cereal is 30.0 g. How would you label the packages of the two cereals to indicate the fuel value per 30.0-g serving in joules in nutritional Calories (kilocalories) ... 

The clip-on pedometer Titan Industries is developing a clip-on device that tracks various parameters, including the number of calories the wearer has burned while walking around. The company is also exploring the potential for a similar device that monitors blood pressure. 

Professor Bothwell determined from the wrapper the number of calories in a candy bar. He then burned the entire candy bar and measured the amount of heat released. His experiment was most likely designed to demonstrate —... 

Explain how you can calculate the heat of combustion if you know the number of calories released, the mass of substance burned, and the molar mass of the substance. 

Intravenous lipid emulsions are also a source of calories. The typical daily dose in adults is approximately 0.5 to 1 g/kg per day. In the absence of hypertriglyceridemia, substituting a portion of dextrose calories with lipid calories may be beneficial in situations where dextrose infusion may lead to complications (e.g., hyperglycemia). Some examples include patients with diabetes mellitus or pancreatic disease and patients under severe stress (e.g., trauma or burns) who are at risk for hyperglycemia. The maximum of dose of lipid emulsions is 2.5 g/kg per day,7 or 60% of total daily calories, although doses this high are used rarely in practice. 

If Serena burns about 304.15 calories while walking fast on her treadmill for 38.5 minutes, about how many calories does she burn per minute ... 

If a physical education student burns 8.2 calories per minute while riding a bicycle, how many calories will the same student burn if she rides for 35 minutes ... 

Canceling the 50s, you get y. This means that a jogger has to jog only y of a mile to burn the same number of calories a walker burns in a mile of brisk walking. 

There is a simple equation that explains how a person s body maintains its weight. To maintain a steady body weight, the amount of energy a person takes in (the number of calories he or she eats) must equal the amount of energy the person uses (how many calories he or she burns). 

The human body is designed to take in and process the amount of energy it needs to perform daily activities. If the body takes in more calories than it needs, it stores these calories as adipose tissue, or fat, for later use. In earlier times, this storage of calories by the body helped people survive through periods when little or no food was available (famine). During times of famine, the body burned its fat stores to obtain the energy it needed to perform normal activities. If people did not have these fat stores, they would starve during times when less food was available. 

As advances in farming and food manufacture made food more plentiful in many parts of the world, the need for fat stores in the body decreased. People continued to eat more calories than they needed, though, and their bodies continued to store it as fat (Figure 2.2) that was not needed and would not likely be used. It is this accumulation of fat stores that has led to the problem of obesity. Whereas in the past people would likely burn off their fat stores during times of famine, in today s world they need to make a conscious effort... 

Decreases in physical activity can lead to weight gain. Ultimately, all the calories you eat are not utilized, or burned off. Calories that are not utilized are stored as fat tissue, which... 

Calories consumed in food are used by the body as fuel. The body s use of calories as its source of energy is called thermogenesis. Literally, thermogenesis means the production of heat because when people burn calories, heat is produced. The body needs a constant supply of fuel to maintain normal functions that people don t usually think about, like breathing. 

Side effects associated with this type of diet pill often occur because, in causing the body to burn more calories, the pills speed up many body processes—possibly to a level that becomes dangerous. Examples are increased blood pressure and heart rate, which can lead to heart problems over time. Other side effects include nervousness and insomnia. 

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