California soil

Effect of Acetic Acid on Recovery of Ethylene Dibromide from a California Soil... 

Table 3.2. Concentrations of trace elements in soil solutions of the California soils that received sludge applications. 

Hirsh and Banin (1990) reported that an increase in Cl concentration decreased Cd sorption due to formation of the CdCl+ ion pair. Enhanced sorption in the presence of HC03 was observed due to the formation of the CdHC03+ ion pair. Mahler et al. (1980) found that in calcareous soils treated with sewage sludge spiked with CdS04, Cd complexes were mainly Cd sulfate and carbonate complexes, and the formation of Cd-Cl complexes increased in both soils as total Cd increased. In sludge-amended California soils with pH 7-8, both Cd and Zn organic complexes and Cd phosphate complexes increase with P levels, but free Cd2+ and Zn2+ decrease with P levels (Fig. 3.4) (Villarroel et al., 1993). 

Figure 3.4. Effects of phosphate levels on Cd and Zn solution speciation in California soils that received sludge application (data extracted from Villarroel et al., 1993)...

Figure 3.5. Effects of Cl concentrations (NaCl or CaCl2) on Cd solution speciation in a California soil (data extracted from Bingham et al., 1983)...

Bradford G.R., Chang A.C., Page A.L., Bakhtar D. Frampton JA, Wright H. Background Concentrations of Trace and Major Elements in California Soils. Kearney Foundation of Soil Science Special Report. University of California, 1996. 

The major ion composition of dispersed soil solutions and saturation extracts from selected soils in California, U.S. Concentrations of trace elements in soil solutions of the California soils that received sludge applications. Concentrations of trace elements in soil solutions extracted by saturated paste from two metal salt-spiked Israeli soils incubated at saturated regime. 

Manning BA, Goldberg S (1997a) Adsorption and stability of arsenic (III) at the clay mineral-water interface. Environ Sci Technol 31 2005-2011 Manning BA, Goldberg S (1997b) Arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) adsorption on three California soils. Soil Sci 162 886-895... 

The primary sources of PCP in humans include direct intake by way of diet, air, or water and through contact with PCP-contaminated materials (Uhl et al. 1986). It is now established that PCP is taken up by female rhesus monkeys via the skin from PCP-contaminated soils. Monkeys accumulated up to 24% of the PCP in contaminated California soils over a 24-h period (Wester et al. 

KEYWORDS Geochemical landscapes, chromium, California, soil geochemistry... 

Brandon AM, Mikkelsen DS. 1979. Phosphorus transformations in alternately flooded California soils. I. Cause of plant phosphorus deficiency in rice rotation crops and correction methods. Soil Science Society of America Journal 43 989-994. 

Residual activity in soil is limited to approximately 7 months (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). In California soils, bromacil was persistent for 30 months (Lange et al., 1968 Weber and Best, 1972). The reported half-life in soil is 60 d (Alva and Singh, 1991) however, Gardiner et al. (1969) reported a half life of 5-6 months in a silt loam when applied at a rate of 4 Ibs/acre. 

Iwata, Y., Westlake, W.E., and Gunther, F.A. Varying persistence of polychlorinated biphenyls in six California soils under laboratory conditions. Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 9(4) 204-211, 1973. 

Wang, C.H. and Broadbent, F.E. Kinetic losses of PCNB and DCNA in three California soils. Soil Sci Soc. Am. Proc., 36 742-745, 1972. 

DBCP has been found In ground water In Hawaii, California, Arizona, South Carolina, and Maryland (5-7,19,77-79). Typical positives are 0.02-20 ppb. Areas with the highest frequency of positives and the highest well concentrations are the San Joaquin Valley In California and the region southwest of Phoenix, Arizona. The Hawaii contamination has occurred despite several hundred feet of overburden between the basal aquifer and the surface. One set of California soil core results show that ppb amounts of DBCP has leached about 15 m through the unsaturated zone ( ), whereas DBCP was not detected In another set of California soil cores sampled as deep as 10 m and five years after the last application (80). The latter results can possibly be explained by rapid movement of DBCP down the soil profile to depths greater than 10 m. 

Singer, M.J. Fine, P. (1989) Pedogenic factors affecting magnetic susceptibility of northern California soils. Soil Sd. Soc. Am. J. 53 1119-1127... 

At the Brown and Bryant Superfund Site, in Arvin, California, soil washing operations resulted in the production of 100,000 gal of wash water containing 400 to 600 ppm of Dinoseb. A Rayox system was implemented at the site that used ozonation followed by UV/peroxide treatment. The operating cost for this project was 40 per 1000 gal (D17097S, Appendix II). 

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