Calcium 1,4,5-trisphosphate

McGrath J, Solter D 1984 Inability of mouse blastomere nuclei transferred to enucleated zygotes to support development invitro. Science 226 1317-1319 Miyazaki S 1988 Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release and guanine nucleotidebinding protein-mediated periodic calcium rises in golden hamster eggs. J Cell Biol 106 345-353... 

I Kojima, H Shibata, E Ogata. (1986). Pertussis toxin blocks angiotensin II-induced calcium influx but not inositol trisphosphate production in adrenal glomerulosa cell. FEBS Lett 204 347-351. 

The characteristics of the four major classes of histamine receptors are summarized. Question marks indicate suggestions from the literature that have not been confirmed. AA, arachidonic acid DAG, diacylglycerol Iko,2+, calcium-activated potassium current IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate NHE, sodium-proton exchange, PKC, protein kinase C NO, nitric oxide PTPLC, phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C TXA2, thromboxane A2. Has brain-penetrating characteristics after systemic administration. 

Yang, J., McBride, S., Mak, D. O. etal. Identification of a family of calcium sensors as protein ligands of inositol trisphosphate receptor Ca(2+) release channels. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 7711-7716, 2002. 

Rossier, M. F. and Putney, J. W. Jr. The identity of the calcium storing inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive organelle in non-muscle cells Calciosome, endoplasmic reticulum... or both Trends Neurosci. 14 30-314,1991. 

This can be illustrated by known interactions between the cAMP and Ca2+ pathways. A first messenger that initially activates the cAMP pathway would be expected to exert secondary effects on the Ca2+ pathway at many levels via phosphorylation by PKA. First, Ca2+ channels and the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor will be phosphorylated by PKA to modulate intracellular concentrations of Ca2+. Second, phospholipase C (PLC) is a substrate for PKA, and its phosphorylation modulates intracellular calcium concentrations, via the generation of IP3) as well as the activity of PKC, via the generation of DAG, and several types of CAMK. Similarly, the Ca2+ pathway exerts potent effects on the cAMP pathway, for example, by activating or inhibiting the various forms of adenylyl cyclase expressed in mammalian tissues (see Ch. 21). 

Boehning, D., Patterson, R. L., Sedaghat, L. et al. Cytochrome c binds to inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate receptors, amplifying calcium-dependent apoptosis. Nat. Cell Biol. 5 1051-1061, 2003. 

Missiaen L, Taylor CW, Berridge MJ 1992 Luminal Ca2+ promoting spontaneous Ca2+ release from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive stores in rat hepatocytes. J Physiol 455 623-640 Nazer MA, van Breemen C 1998 Functional linkage of Na+-Ca2+ exchange and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release mediates Ca2+ cycling in vascular smooth muscle. Cell Calcium 24 275-283... 

Nelson MT, Patlak JB, Worley JF, Standen NB 1990 Calcium channels, potassium channels, and voltage dependence of arterial smooth muscle tone. Am J Physiol 259 C3-C18 Nixon GF, Mignery GA, Somlyo AV 1994 Immunogold localization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and characterization of ultrastructural features of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in phasic and tonic smooth muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 15 682-700 Peng H, Matchkov V, Ivarsen A, Aalkjaer C, Nilsson H 2001 Hypothesis for the initiation of vasomotion. CircRes 88 810-815... 

Putney JW Jr 1997 Capacitative calcium entry. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg Putney JW Jr 1999 TRP, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, and capacitative calcium entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 14669-14671... 

Bulbring E, T omita T 1969 Effect of calcium, barium and manganese on the action of adrenaline in the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 172 121-136 Marchant JS, Taylor CW 1998 Rapid activation and partial inactivation of inositol trisphosphate receptors by inositol trisphosphate. Biochemistry 37 11524-11533 Somlyo AV, Horiuti K, Trentham DR, Kitazawa T, Somlyo AP 1992 Kinetics of Ca2+ release and contraction induced by photolysis of caged D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in smooth muscle the effects of heparin, procaine, and adenine nucleotides. J Biol Chem 267 22316-22322... 

Finch EA, Turner TJ, Goldin SM 1991 Calcium as a coagonist of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release. Science 252 443-446... 

Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV 2000 Signal transduction by G-proteins, Rho-kinase and protein phosphatase to smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin II. J Physiol 522 177—185 Somlyo AP, Devine CE, Somlyo AV, N orth SR 1971 Sarcoplasmicreticulumand the temperature-dependent contraction of smooth muscle in calcium-free solutions. J Cell Biol 51 722—741 Somlyo AP, Walker JW, Goldman YE et al 1988 Inositol trisphosphate, calcium and muscle contraction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 320 399 114 Somlyo AP, Wu X, Walker LA, Somlyo AV 1999 Pharmacomechanical coupling the role of calcium, G-proteins, kinases and phosphatases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 134 201-234... 

Kaplin Al, Snyder SH, Linden DJ. 1996. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-selective stimulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors mediates hypoxic mobilization of calcium. The Journal of Neuroscience 16(6) 2002-2011. 

Kiang JG, Smallridge RC. 1994. Sodium cyanide increases cytosolic free calcium evidence for activation of the reversed mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and Ca2+ mobilization from inositol trisphosphate-insensitive pools. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 127(2) 173-181. 

Figure 6.7. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C. Occupancy of receptors (R) results in exchange of bound GDP for GTP on the a-subunit of a het-erotrimeric G-protein. The a-subunit then dissociates from the fi- and y-subunits and activates phospholipase (PLC). This enzyme is calcium dependent and, upon activation, can hydrolyse phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The products of this hydrolysis are inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins 1,4,5-P3), which is released into the cytoplasm, and diacylglycerol (DAG), which remains in the membrane. The DAG is an activator of protein kinase C, which moves from the cytoplasm to the membrane, where it forms a quaternary complex with DAG and Ca2+. 

Rosales, C., Brown, E. J. (1992). Signal transduction by neutrophil immunoglobulin G Fc receptors. Dissociation on intracytoplasmic calcium concentration rise from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 5265-71. 

J. Sneyd, K. Tsaneva-Atanasova, V. Reznikov, Y. Bai, M. J. Sanderson, andD. 1. Yule, A method for determining the dependence of calcium oscillations on inositol trisphosphate oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 1675-1680 (2006). 

Upon binding calcium ions, the small acidic protein known as calmodulin can activate enzymes by binding to a wide variety of proteins containing cahnodulin-binding domains. Such proteins include cAMP phosphodiesterase, calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase, calmodulin kinases, the plasma membrane calcium pump, calcineurin, and calmodulin-dependent inositol-(l,4,5)-trisphosphate 3-kinase. See also Activation Autoinhibition... 

This enzyme [EC 2.7.1.127], also referred to as lo-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase, catalyzes the reaction of ATP with iD-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to produce ADP and iD-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphos-phate. The enzyme requires calcium ions as a cofactor. 

Figure 14-3. Signaling through protein kinase C (PKC). Activated phospholipase C cleaves the inositol phospholipid PIP2 to form both soluble (IP3) and membrane-associated (DAG) second messengers. DAG recruits PKC to the membrane, where binding of calcium ions to PKC fully activates it. To accomplish this, IP3 promotes a transient increase of intracellular concentration by binding to a receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum, which opens a channel allowing release of stored calcium ions. PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate DAG, diacylglycerol PLC, phospholipase C IP3, inositol trisphosphate.

Berridge MJ Inositol trisphosphate, calcium, lithium, and cell signaling. JAMA 262 1834-1841, 1989... 

---