Calcium recommended daily amount

Appiying Concepts The recommended daily allowance of calcium is 1000 mg of Ca ions. Calcium carbonate is used to supply the calcium in vitamin tablets. How many moles of calcium ions does 1000 mg represent How many moles of calcium carbonate are needed to supply the required amount of calcium ions What mass of calcium carbonate must each tablet contain ... 

Generally, seaweed contains high ash content indicating appreciable amounts of minerals. Mineral content of seaweed can account for up to 36% of its dry mass and mineral macronutrients include sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, chlorine, sulfur, and phosphorus whereas the micronutrients include iodine, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, molybdenum, fluoride, manganese, boron, nickel, and cobalt. Among these minerals, calcium holds 4-7% of dry matter. At 7% calcium, a t) ical daily portion size of seaweed (8 g dry weight) provides 560 mg of calcium which is a considerable amount compared to its recommended daily allowance (800-1000 mg) (Anonymous, 2004). In seaweeds, calcium is available as calcium phosphate, and that is more bioavailable than the form of calcium in milk, which is calcium carbonate. 

A Calcium is the most well-known and abundant mineral in the body. It is an essential part of our bones and teeth, but it also plays a role in muscle, nerve, and blood vessel function. Blood levels of calcium, which represent only 1% of total body calcium (the rest is in our bones), are tightly controlled within a narrow range. Unfortunately, if you don t consume adequate amounts of calcium, your body gets what it needs from your bones, which can lead to a decrease in bone density known as osteoporosis. Bone density peaks at about the age of 30, so it is very important to consume adequate amounts of dietary calcium before age 30 to build up bone to optimal levels, and after age 30 it is important to preserve bone as much as possible. Bone undergoes constant turnover, and so it requires a constant supply of calcium. In addition to its role in reducing the risk of osteoporosis, research suggests that adequate dietary calcium may also decrease the risk of colorectal cancer. The recommended daily allowance (U.S. RDA) of calcium for adults (the amount considered adequate to meet the needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals) is shown in the following table ... 

The recommended daily dietary intake of phosphorus is 300-500 mg for children under 1 year, 800 mg for children under 10 years and 1200 mg for adults. These amounts are easily achieved in a normal diet. It is more important to maintain an appropriate ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the diet than the actual realised amount of phosphorus. Meat, poultry and fish (without bones) contain about 15-20 times more phosphorus than calcium eggs, cereals and legumes contain about 2-4 times more phosphorus than calcium. Only milk, cheese, leafy vegetables and bones contain more calcium than phosphorus. 

It may be seen from Table B-4 that many of the products, when used in the amounts indicated, contribute from 1/4 to 1/2 of the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) of calcium and phosphorus (the RDA for adults for each of these minerals is 800 mg). This contribution is very important because many people may drink coffee, tea, beer, or other nondairy beverages at their meals. Hence, quick breads may make up for some of the lack of dietary calcium. Nevertheless, it pays for the consumer to read the labels on these products, because there is a wide variation in their calcium contents. For example, tartrate baking powders contain no calcium. 

One cup (125 g) of self-rising white wheat flour, which contains monocalcium phosphate as a leavening acid, supplies more than 1/3 of the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for calcium, and more than 1/2 of that for phosphorus. Hence, items baked with this flour may be an important source of these minerals for people who fail to eat sufficient amounts of dairy products. 

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis 5 mg once daily. For postmenopausal women not receiving estrogen, the recommended dose is 10 mg once daily. Patients also should receive adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D. 

Several government surveys reveal that calcium is one nutrient likely to be consumed in less than recommended amounts (i.e., 800 mg RDA for nonpregnant, nonlactating women) by a substantial percentage of Americans, particularly females 12 years of age and older (Car-roll et al. 1983 Heaney et al. 1982 Chinn 1981 USDA, SEA 1980 Radzikowski 1983). As shown in Figures 7.1 and 7.2, daily calcium intake values reported in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980 (HANES II), have been plotted as a function of age for males and females, respectively, and are compared to the RDA. Although the RDA is the same for both sexes, it is clear... 

The recommended ratio of phosphorus to calcium is 1 1, except in infants it is 2 1. For older infants, the recommended intake of phosphorus is increased to 80% of the calcium requirement, so that the ratio is similar to cow s milk (Harper 1969). Both phosphorus and calcium are distributed similarly in foods, hence a sufficient intake of calcium ensures a sufficient intake of phosphorus. The exception is cows milk, which contains more phosphorus than calcium (Harper 1969). The adult daily requirement for phosphorus is about 700 mg. A balanced diet provides sufficient amounts of phosphorus because it is commonly found in foods (phosphoproteins and phospholipids, inorganic phosphate), especially milk and milk products, wheat, meats and fish (Latner 1975). In the body, normal serum (inorganic) phosphorus levels are 4-7 mg/100 mL in children and 3-4.5 mg/100 mL in adults and the elderly. In body fluids and tissues, normal serum phosphorus levels found are 40, 170-250, 360, and 22,600 mg/100 mL in blood, muscle, nerve, and both bones and teeth, respectively (Harper 1969 Tietz 1970). 

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