Calcium nitrate properties

The most important attributes of this invention are high impulse performance coupled with high exit temperature on primary combustion and favorable boron species in the primary motor exhaust. The system is also insensitive to impact and possesses excellent thermal stability at elevated temperatures. Additionally, the system is readily castable since the addition of solid oxidizers is not required. Further, high flexibility in the ballistic properties of the gas generator can be achieved by the addition of solid oxidizers such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, hydroxylammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, calcium nitrate, barium perchlorate, RDX, HMX etc. The oxidizers are preferably powdered to a particle size of about 10 to 350 microns [13]. 

Iodine.—During the Napoleonic wars, nitre beds were cultivated in various parts of France, and from these saltpetre was obtained artificially. About 1811, Bernard Courtois, a manufacturer of saltpetre, near Paris, used an aq. extract of varec or kelp for decomposing the calcium nitrate from the nitre beds he noticed that the copper vats in which the nitrate was decomposed were rapidly corroded by the liquid, and he traced the effects to a reaction between the copper and an unknown substance in the lye obtained by extracting the varec or kelp with water, B. Courtois isolated this new substance and ascertained its more obvious properties. In his paper entitled Dec uverte d une substance muvelle dans le vareck, and published about two years after his discovery,11 he said ... 

Ammonium nitrate is also miscible with fused salts of nitric acid. The composition of the eutectics and the fusion temperatures of mixtures with sodium, potassium, and calcium nitrate are considered in future chapters (Vol. III). Data concerning the properties of mixtures with guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine, ethylene diamine dinitrate, are also reported in Vol. III. 

Alkali metal nitrates have comparatively low-melting points and the solid nitrates are excellent oxidizers at higher temperatures. Potassium nitrate is used as an oxidizer in black powder (75wt% KNO3, 15% charcoal, 10% sulfur). Fertilizer mixtures commonly contain ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate, sometimes sodium or calcium nitrate as nitrogen compounds. Ammonium nitrate is also used as an explosive or as an oxidizer in an explosive mixture. Some properties of important nitrate fertilizers are summarized in Table 31. 

When we say that one substance is soluble in another, we mean that they can be mixed to a significant degree. More specifically, chemists describe the solubility of a substance as the maximum amount of it that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature. This property is often described in terms of the maximum number of grams of solute that will dissolve in 100 milliliters (or 100 grams) of solvent. For example, the water solubility of calcium nitrate is 121.2 g Ca(N03)2 per 100 mL water at 25 °C. This means that when calcium nitrate is added steadily to 100 mL of water at 25 °C, it will dissolve until 121.2 g Ca(N03)2 have been added. If more Ca(N03)2 is added to the solution, it will remain in the solid form. 

The volatilized nitrogen oxides can be used in the HNO3 synthesis and then to the calcium nitrate production, therefore the process will form closed circnit. However, the belite thus produced revealed poor hydrauhc properties and, as a next step, 6% of gypsum was added to the mixture. As a result, the very active sulphate belite was obtained, particularly when the spongiolite was used as a source of silica, instead of quartz. The authors foimd the substitution of silicon by sulphur with the formation of solid solution with the formula... 

Calcium dihydroxide. See Calcium hydroxide Calcium d(+)-N-(a,y-dihydroxy-p,p-dimethylbutyryl)-p-alaninate Calcium N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl-P-alanine. See Calcium D-pantothenate Calcium diiodide. See Calcium iodide Calcium dilactate. See Calcium lactate Calcium dinitrate. See Calcium nitrate Calcium dinonyinaphthalene sulfonate CAS 57855-77-3 68425-34-3 Synonyms Dinonyinaphthalene sulfonic acid, calcium salt Naphthalenesulfonic acid, dinonyl-, calcium salt Empirical C28H44O3S V2Ca Properties M.w. 480.80 Uses Rust/corrosion inhibitor demulsifier in oils grease penetrant... 

The name muride was suggested to Balard by Anglada, who says the editors of the Annales de Chimie had persuaded Balard to adopt the name brome . Balard describes the properties of bromine fully and also the discovery of ethylene dibromide. He discovered hypochlorous acid (acide chloreux) and chlorine monoxide, obtaining hypochlorous acid by the action of precipitated mercuric oxide on chlorine water, and chlorine monoxide by dehydrating a solution of hypochlorous acid with calcium nitrate the usual preparation by passing chlorine over precipitated mercuric oxide was described by Pelouze. Balard discovered oxamic acid (see p. 339) and investigated amyl alcohol (see p. 430). 

Match the following physical and chemical properties with the componnds cyclohexane, C6H12, or calcium nitrate, Ca (NO3) y-... 

In general, the chemistry of inorganic lead compounds is similar to that of the alkaline-earth elements. Thus the carbonate, nitrate, and sulfate of lead are isomorphous with the corresponding compounds of calcium, barium, and strontium. In addition, many inorganic lead compounds possess two or more crystalline forms having different properties. For example, the oxides and the sulfide of bivalent lead are frequendy colored as a result of their state of crystallisation. Pure, tetragonal a-PbO is red pure, orthorhombic P PbO is yeUow and crystals of lead sulfide, PbS, have a black, metallic luster. 

Health and Safety Factors. The strontium ion has a low order of toxicity, and strontium compounds are remarkably free of toxic hazards. Chemically, strontium is similar to calcium, and strontium salts, like calcium salts, are not easily absorbed by the intestinal tract. Strontium carbonate has no commonly recognized hazardous properties. Strontium nitrate is regulated as an oxidizer that promotes rapid burning of combustible materials, and it should not be stored in areas of potential fire hazards. 

Barium is a member of the aLkaline-earth group of elements in Group 2 (IIA) of the period table. Calcium [7440-70-2], Ca, strontium [7440-24-6], Sr, and barium form a closely aUied series in which the chemical and physical properties of the elements and thek compounds vary systematically with increa sing size, the ionic and electropositive nature being greatest for barium (see Calcium AND CALCIUM ALLOYS Calcium compounds Strontium and STRONTIUM compounds). As size increases, hydration tendencies of the crystalline salts increase solubiUties of sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, etc, decrease (except duorides) solubiUties of haUdes in ethanol decrease thermal stabiUties of carbonates, nitrates, and peroxides increase and the rates of reaction of the metals with hydrogen increase. 

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