Calcium ion sequestering ability

The results are shown in Figure 27. It can be seen the all the anionics tested show significant effects of the combination with SAE on their sequestering ability. For this effect, the optimum EO mole number for each anionic is different. Since the combination of LAS with STPP gives a calcium ion sequestering ability of only 165 mg/g-detergents by this procedure, the combination of SAE with LAS(Linear Alkyl-benzene Sulfonate), AOS (4-Olefin Sulfonate), SAS(Secondary Alkane Sulfonate) or SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) would be recommended for use in heavy-duty detergents. 

Figure 27. Calcium ion sequestering ability of Cn-n secondary alcohol ethoxyl-ates in combination with an anionic surfactant. Test conditions surfactant concentration nonionics—0.1 wt % anionics—0.1 wt % B = without nonionics (blank). ((-%-) with sodium laurate ( A ) with SDS (-A-) with SAS ( M ) with LAS (- A ) with AOS)...

Figure 37. Calcium ion sequestering ability of disodium sulfosuccinate half ester of Cjg.n secondary alcohol ethoxylates (SFT-MES-series) ((-%-) SFT-MES-series ...

Necrosis is often initiated by damage to membranes, either the plasma membrane of the cell or the membranes of organelles, particularly mitochondria (Zimmerman, 1999). Cell membrane damage is often caused by membrane phospholipid peroxidation. Plasma membrane damage interferes wi ion regulation, calcium homeostasis, energy production, and decrease in the ability of that organelle to sequester calcium. Inhibition of protein synthesis is an alternative mechanism that may cause cell necrosis. Toxins that act in this way include phalloidin and related mushroom toxins, which inhibit the action of ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase, and therefore mRNA synthesis (Pineiro-Carrero and Pineiro, 2004). 

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