Cell signaling calcium

Merritt, J. E., Moores, K. E. (1991). Human neutrophils have a novel purinergic P2-type receptor linked to calcium mobilization. Cell. Signalling 3,243-9. 

Berridge MJ Inositol trisphosphate, calcium, lithium, and cell signaling. JAMA 262 1834-1841, 1989... 

Lead exerts multisystemic toxic effects that are mediated by multiple modes of action, including inhibition of enzymatic function interference with the action of essential cations, particularly calcium, iron, and zinc generation of oxidative stress changes in gene expression alterations in cell signaling and disruption of the integrity of membranes in cells and organelles. 

Lee, W.J., Roberts-Thomson, S.J., Holman, N.A., May, F.J., Lehrbach, G.M., Monteith, G.R., 2002, Expression of plasma membrane calcium pump isoform mRNAs in breast cancer cell lines. Cell Signal 14, 1015-1022. 

Keywords Calcium Ca2+ signalling apoptosis necrosis cell death... 

Ermak G., and Davies K.J. 2002 Calcium and oxidative stress from cell signaling to cell death. Mol Immunol 38, 713-721. 

Hanson C.J., Bootman M.D., and Roderick H.L. 2004 Cell signalling IP3 receptors channel calcium into cell death. Curr Biol 14, R933-935. 

Billker O, Lourido S, Sibley LD (2009) Calcium-dependent signaling and kinases in apicomplexan parasites. Cell Host Microbe 5(6) 612-622... 

The cytoskeletal network is responsible for the mechanical properties of the cell that modulate functions such as cell shape, locomotion, cytokinesis, and translocation of organelles. Experimental evidence suggests that the cytoskeleton also provides connections between cellular structures and presents a large surface area for interactions of various proteins and signaling molecules. Modulation of the cytoskeletal network may influence cell signaling, ion channels and intracellular calcium levels. Cytoskeleton is thus essential for regulation of cellular functions, cell integrity, and viability. 

The alkaline earth metals (group 2A of the periodic table) include Mg and Ca, which play both structural and physiological roles. Aside from its structural importance in bones and teeth, calcium is critical in processes ranging from vascular tone, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, blood clot formation, the secretion of hormones such as insulin, and cell signaling. Calcium levels in cells, blood, and extracellular fluid are very tightly controlled. If calcium intake is insufficient, calcium is liberated from bones in order to support these physiological functions. 

Potassium channels play an important role in the control of insulin secretion in (3-pancreatic cells. In a resting (3-pancreatic cell, the membrane potential is maintained below the threshold for insulin secretion by an efflux of potassium ions through the open potassium channels. As glucose levels rise within the cell, ATP production increases, and the change in the APT/ADP ratio leads to the closing of potassium channels. This causes the calcium channels to open, and entering calcium ions signal insulin secretion. Factors that modulate the (3-pancreatic potassium channels can fine-tune the insulin secretion. 

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