Caibon load

Also corrosion problems of the carbon support have been considered as a cause of electrocatalyst durabihty loss [32], in particular carbon oxidation can occur through electrochemical oxidation at the cathode, with formation of CO2 (C -I- 2H2O = CO2 -I- 4H -F 4e ), or through water gas shift reaction, with the production of CO (C H2O = CO H2). Both these routes are catalyzed by Pt [56, 57] and subtract caibon useful for platinum loading, with consequent metal sintering and decrease of the electrochemical surface area [58]. 

Figure 5a. Effect of Pt Loading on Performance Using 60 wt.% Pt/Caibon as Cathode Catalyst...

Monk, J., Singh, R., Hung, F.R. Effects of Pore size and pore loading on the properties of ionic liquids confined inside nanoporous CMK-3 caibon materials. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 3034-3042 (2011)... 

As an indirect confirmation of the role of the caibon support in controlling the substrate diffusion, the same authors reported that the oxidation of methanol on an electrode catalyzed by nanostructured Pd particles supported on Vulcan XC-72 (same metal loading as in Pd/MWCNT) is diffusion-controlled in the scan-rate range from 50 to 500 mV... 

The stmcture of the electrochemical interface depends on the particle size, the loading and the active surface area of the caibon supported Pt particles. In addition for the case of HT PEMFCs the amount of H3PO4 plays a predominant role on the performance by affecting both the stmcture and the catalytic properties of the electrochemical interface. 

Figure 8.39 Melt flow index variation with filler composition for polystyrene/caibon black system at 180°Cjand S.O-kg test load condition for MFI using data from Ref. 93. (Reprinted fi om Ref. 78 with kind permission from Steinkopff Verlag Darmstadt.)...

Pang H, Chen C, Zhang Y-C, Ren P-G, Yan D-X, Li Z-M (2011) The effect of electric field, annealing temperature and filler loading on the percolation threshold of polystyrene containing caibon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets. Carbon 49 1980... 

Toprakci, O., Toprakci, H.A.K., Ji, L., Lin, Z., Xu, G., and Zhang, X., Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Electrospun LiFeP04/Caibon Composite Nanofibers as Stable and Binder-Free Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries , ACS Applied Materials Interfaces, 4, 1273-1280,2012. 

Caibon source Carborrization yield (wl%) Weight loss (wl%) PtRu load (wl%) R Ru atomic ratio Crystallite size (nm) BET surface area (m g ) Total pore volume (cm g- )... 

Several studies [4, 5] have shown that the activity of cobalt catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is structure-insensitive the number of active sites depends on the cobalt particle size, loading amount and reduction degree. Also, it is known that the catalyst performance can be significantly increased by cobalt dispersions at the particle range of 3-5 run [4]. It is thus very important to control the metal size particle. However, cobalt crystallites dispersions above 5-6 nm are difficult to prepare [4], The present work, focuses on the detailed investigation of the stracture of cobalt nanoparticles on aliunina and caibon nanotubes, prepared by a simple and fast method, to be used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. 

---