Cadmium isotope

Table 6.3. Spectral interferences in ICP-MS of the five most abundant cadmium isotopes relevant for the cadmium determination in Mo-Zr alloys additional Cd isotopes 106Cd 1.25%, 108Cd 0.89%, 116Cd 7.49% ...

Figure 6. Association reaction of Cd with benzene. Cd was formed by laser desorption/ionization from a cadmium-contaminated stainless steel surface and allowed to react with benzene at a pressure of about 5 x 10" torr. The spectrum shown is for a 6 s reaction time, after which the ions were excited by impulse excitation and detected by FTICR. The multiplets show the cadmium isotope pattern.

Gautier C., Bourgeois M., Isnard H., Nonell A., Stadeknann G. Goutelard E. Development of cadmium/silver/palladium separation by ion chromatography with quad-mpole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection for off-line cadmium isotopic measurements. Journal of Chromatography A 2011 1218 (31)5241-5247. 

Enriched cadmium isotopic standard (Spectrascan Stable Isotope Solution, Teknolab A/S, P.O. Box 131, N-1441 Drobak, Norway). 

Figure 2 shows a mass spectrum of cadmium spiked with enriched 106Cd. The solid line at position 106 represents the 106Cd spike, and the dashed lines represent the relative abundance for the other cadmium isotopes. The dashed line at juxtaposition at 106 is the relative abundance of 106Cd as it occurs in nature. Table I shows the IBM 1130 computer-programmed output for a typical isotope dilution analysis. The program... 

The most definitive assessment of the metal composition of metalloproteins comes from the application of element-specific detection methods. CE-ICP-MS provides information not only about the type and quantity of individual metals bound to the proteins but also about the isotopes of each element as well [11,12]. Elemental speciation has become increasingly important to the areas of toxicology and environmental chemistry. Such analytical capability also opens up important possibilities for trace element metabolism studies. Figure 1 depicts the separation of rabbit liver metallothionein containing zinc, copper, and cadmium (the predominant metal) using CE-ICP-MS with a high-sensitivity, direct injection nebulizer (DIN) interface. UV detection (200 nm) was used to monitor the efficiency of the CE separation of the protein isoforms (MT-1 and MT-2), whereas ICP-MS detection made it possible to detect and quantify specific zinc, copper (not shown), and cadmium isotopes associated with the individual isoform peaks. 

For all cadmium isotopes this cross section was measured at 16° and corresponds to a spectroscopic factor Sa given in the nearby column [79Ja21]. 

The other alternative is to use a spin 1=5 nucleus with suitable properties as a substitute for Mg or Ca2+. We will here illustrate the use of NMR of Cd(or Cd) in the study of calcium binding proteins. The ionic radius of Cd " "(0.097 nm) is very close to that of Ca and Cd " " will easily substitute for Ca " " in a number of proteins. The NMR properties of mcd and H Cd are given in Table II. The fact that both cadmium isotopes have spin 1 = h makes direct observation of NMR signals from the cadmium substituted calcium proteins possible(7-9). 

NMR is often a powerful alternative. Since these cadmium isotopes both have spin I = i NMR signals from the individual bound ions may be obtained. 

Wombacher, F., Rehkamper, M., and Mezger, K. (2004) Determination of the mass-dependence of cadmium isotope fractionation during evaporation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 2349-2357. 

Example-. Calculate the number of protons and neutrons in the cadmium isotope iicd. 

The SSR operates with a neutron energy spectrum quite unlike any gas-cooled reactor concept studied during the past 20 years. Nuclear data evaluations for uranium, carbon, oxygen, and cadmium isotopes for the epithermal and fast energy ranges must be reviewed, probably reevaluations performed, and likely additional cross section measurements made. Because the concept relies on low excess reactivity, the predicted critical mass should be confirmed. The value of the temperature coefficient must be confirmed. Subcriticality under accident conditions should be assured through applicable benchmark experiments. 

Naturally occurring cadmium isotopes not listed have zero spin. 

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