Cadmium arsenites

Jessen-Eller, K. and J.F. Crivello. 1998. Changes in metallothionein mRNA and protein after sublethal exposure to arsenite and cadmium chloride in juvenile winter flounder. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 891-896. 

Arsenic uptake in rabbit intestine is inhibited by phosphate, casein, and various metal-chelating agents (USEPA 1980). Mice and rabbits are significantly protected against sodium arsenite intoxication by (V-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid (Stine et al. 1984). Conversely, the toxic effects of arsenite are potentiated by excess dithiols, cadmium, and lead, as evidenced by reduced food efficiency and disrupted blood chemistry in rodents (Pershagen and Vahter 1979). 

Shumilla JA, Wetterhahn KE, and Barchowsky A. 1998. Inhibition of NF-kB binding to DNA by chromium, cadmium, mercury, zinc, and arsenite in vitro Evidence of a thiol mechanism. Arch Biochem Biophys 349(2) 356-362. 

The carbonates, sulphates, and borates are decomposed. The sulphides of the alkalies and alkaline earths are decomposed while the sulphides of arsenic, antimony, molybdenum, zinc, cadmium, tin, iron, lead, copper, mercury, and palladium are not attacked. Cobalt sulphate is not attacked, while the sulphates of the alkalies and alkaline earths are attacked and dissolved. Alkali tungstates, ammonium arsenite and arsenate, copper arsenite, ammonium magnesium arsenate, ammonium molybdate and vanadate, potassium cyanide and ferrocyanide are decomposed. Paraffin is not attacked shellac, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, copal, etc., are decomposed. Celluloid is slowly attacked. Silk paper, gun cotton, gelatin, parchment are dissolved. M. Meslans 22 has studied the esterification of alcohol by hydrofluoric acid. 

The sludges were formulated to contain 0.04 moles/L each of cadmium, chromium, and lead. Metals were added as cliromium chloride, cadmium nitrate, and lead nitrate and converted to their hydroxide precipitate forms in the sludge by neutralization of the solution to pH 8.5 with sodium hydroxide. Some samples al.so contained sodium arsenite, to evaluate the leaching of anionic metals. The sludges were mixed with type II portland cement to form cement pastes with water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 u-sing ASTM procedure C30582. The freshly mixed pastes were placed in 3.8 cm diameter by 7.6 cm tall PCV cylinders and allowed to set for 24—48 hours at 100% humidity before they were removed from their molds and returned to the 100% humidity environment. 

Cumulative average metal releases for all four samples showed that 50% of the arsenite and 20% of the cadmium had not been leached during the extractions. For the less soluble heavy metals, 85% of the chromium and 75% of the lead remained in the silica rich solids. Of the metals naturally in cement, 90% of the aluminum, 98% of the iron, and 80% of the silicon remained after the extractions. Only 8.0% of the calcium remained after the acetic acid extractions. 

Masuya Y, Hioki K, Tokunaga R, Take-tani S. 1998. Involvement of the tyrosine phosphorylation pathway in induction of human heme oxygenase-1 by hemin, sodium arsenite, and cadmium chloride. J. Biochem. 124 628-33... 

The growth of the bacterium is inhibited by benzoic acid, sorbate, and sodium laurylate (Onysko et al., 1984), and nitrate at 50 mM inhibits completely the oxidation of ferrous ion by the bacterium (Eccleston et al., 1985). Although the bacterium is sensitive to chloride ion, it becomes resistant to 140 pM chloride ion by training (Shiratori and Sonta, 1993). The bacterium is fairly resistant to heavy metal ions its activity to oxidize ferrous ion is scarcely inhibited in the presence of 65 mM cupric ion, 100 mM nickel ion, 100 mM cobalt ion, 100 mM zinc ion, 100 mM cadmium ion, and 0.1 mM silver ion (Eccleston et al., 1985). The bacterium acquires the ability to grow even in the presence of 2 mM uranyl ion (Martin et al., 1983). Furthermore, it becomes resistant to arsenate and arse-nite by training a strain of the bacterium has been obtained which oxidizes ferrous ion in the presence of 80 mM arsenite and 287 mM arsenate (Collinet and Morin, 1990 Leduc and Ferroni, 1994). The resistant ability of the bacterium to arsenite and arsenate is important when they are applied for the solubilization of arsenopyrite (FeAsS) [reactions (5.8) and (5.9)]. Leptospirillum ferrooxidans is generally more sensitive to heavy metal ions than A. ferrooxidans (Eccleston et al., 1985). 

Taketani, S., Kohno, H., Yoshinaga, T., and Tokunaga, R. (1989). The human 32-kDa stress protein induced by exposure to arsenite and cadmium ions is heme oxygenase. FEBS Lett. 245, 173-176. 

Edehnan, L., E. Czamecka, and J.L. Key. 1988. Induction and accumulation of heat shock-specific poly (A+) RNAs and proteins in soybean seedlings during arsenite and cadmium treatments. Plant Physiol. 86 1048-1056. 

In connection with the toxicity of selenium, it should be noted that arsenite presumably can overcome selenium poisoning and that selenium compounds have been used to treat heavy metal poisoning, arising from such metals as silver, cadmium, mercury and lead . This is thought to occur by altering the coordination of these metals (e.g. selenium compounds have a greater affinity for mercury and methyl mercury than do the sulfur analogs) as well as their retention and distribution in the body. 

Cadmium chloride Calcium sulfate Cetyl betaine Chromium sulfate, basic Gallic acid Lead thiocyanate Manganese chloride (ous), anhydrous Manganese chloride (ous), tetrahydrate Potassium aluminate PPG-17 Sodium alum Sodium arsenite Sodium oleoamphohydroxypropylsulfonate Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate Sodium polymetaphosphate... 

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