Cadmium acute poisoning

Although copper is an essential element, it is much more toxic to cells than such nonessential elements as nickel and cadmium. Acute poisoning from ingestion of excessive amounts of copper salts, most frequently copper sulfate, results in nonspecific toxic-symptoms, a metallic taste, nausea, and vomiting (with vomitus possibly a blue-green color). The gastrointestinal tract can be damaged by ulceration. 

Cadmium, 5, 925-1022 acute poisoning, 5,1000 binding to metallothioneins, 6, 673 chronic poisoning, 5, 1000 gravimetry, 1,532 masking, 1,538 metallothioneins, 5,1021 poisoning... 

Kreppel, H., K. Kolb, F.X. Reichl, B. Fichtl, and W. Forth. 1988. Pretreatment with low doses of cadmium or zinc decreases lethality in mice acutely poisoned with arsenic. Pages 594-600 in Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology. Walter de Gruyter, Berhn. 

Acute poisoning may result from inhalation of cadmium dusts and fumes (usually cadmium oxide) and from the ingestion of cadmium salts. The major toxic effects are due to local irritation. In the case of oral intake, these include nausea, vomiting, salivation, diarrhoea and abdominal cramp. Cadmium is more toxic when inhaled. Signs and symptoms, which appear after a few hours, include irritation of the upper respiratory tract, chest pains, nausea, dizziness and diarrhoea. Permanent lung damage may occur in the form of emphysema and peribronchial and perivascular fibrosis. Death is usually due to massive pulmonary oedema. 

The functional changes in chronic lead nephropathy appear to be less specific than those observed in acute poisoning. As in other forms of interstitial nephritis, proteinuria and glycosuria are initially absent. In contrast to cadmium nephropathy, the excretion of a large array of urinary marker proteins such as retinal binding protein, lysozyme, and iriicroglobulin [33, 34] is not increased in the absence of a reduced GFR. 

Acute poisoning usually results from inhalation of cadmium dusts and fumes (usually cadmium oxide) or from the ingestion of cadmium salts. The early toxic effects are due to local irritation. 

Cadmium, 925-1022 acute poisoning, 1000 chronic poisoning, 1000 metallothioneins, 1021 poisoning therapy, 1001 toxicology, 999 Cadmium complexes alcohols, 964 amides, 944 amine oxides, 964 amines, 933 amino acids, 938... 

Dunphy B Acute occupational cadmium poisoning A critical review of the literature. J Occup Med 9 22-26, 1967... 

Contraindications Acute renal impairment, organic (short-chain alkyl) mercury poisoning, G6PD deficiency (unless a life-threatening situation exists), hepatic insufficiency (unless due to arsenic poisoning), use of iron, cadmium or selenium poisoning, hypersensitivity to dimercaprol or any component of the formulations... 

Eybl V and Sykora J (1966) The protection by chelating agents in acute cadmium poisoning. Acta Biol Med Germ 16 61—64 (in German). 

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