Cadmibel Study

A negative correlation was found between PbB and systolic pressure in Belgian men in the Cadmibel study (a cross-sectional population study of the health effects of environmental exposure to cadmium) (Staessen et al. 1991). In this study, blood pressure and urinary cation (positive ions found in the urine, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) concentration data were obtained from 963 men and 1,019 women multiple stepwise regression analyses were conducted adjusting for age, body mass index, pulse... 

The relationship between lead exposure and renal function was also investigated in the Cadmibel Study (Staessen et al. 1992). The cohort consisted of a random population sample of 965 men and 1,016 women between 20 and 88 years old. Lead exposure was estimated by PbB levels and ZPP creatinine... 

Staessen JA, Lauwerys RR, Buchet JP, et al. 1992. Impairment of renal function with increasing blood lead concentrations in the general population, the cadmibel study group. N Engl J Med 327(3) 151-6. 

A striking and unexpected outcome of the Cadmibel study was the clear-cut interference of fhe low-level Cd exposure with calcium metabolism. For example, when urinary Cd excretion increased twofold, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary calcium excretion rose by 3-4% and 0.25 mmol/24h respectively [142]. The dose (CdU)-response rate of increased calciuria (>9.8 mmol/24h) suggested a 10% prevalence of hy-percalciuria when CdU exceeded 1.9 pg Cd/24h [38]. Hypercalciuria should be considered an early adverse tubulotoxic effect, because it may exacerbate the development of osteoporosis, especially in the elderly. A prospective study from 1992-1995 (median follow-up of 6.6 years) in the above-mentioned Cadmibel subcohort from the rural area showed for a two-fold increase in urinary Cd a significant (p<0.02) decrease of 0.01 g/ cm in forearm bone density in post-menopausal women. In addition, the relative risks associated with doubled urinary Cd were 1.73 (95% Cl 1.16-2.57 p=0.007) for fractures in women and 1.60 (0.94-2.72 p=0.08) for height loss in men. Cadmium excretion in the four... 

Lauwerys R, Amery A, Bernard A, Bruaux P, Buchet JP, Claeys F, De Plaen P, Ducoffre G, Fagard R, LIjnen P, Nick L, Roels H, Rondia D, Saint-Remy A, Sartor F, Staessen J. Health effects of environmental exposure to cadmium objectives, design and organization of the Cadmibel study a cross-sectional morbidity study carried out in Belgium from 1985 to 1989. Environ Health Perspect 1990 87 283-289. 

Hotz Ph, Buchet JP, Bernard A, Lison D, Lauwerys R. Renal effects of low-level environmental cadmium exposure 5-year follow-up of a subcohort from the Cadmibel study. Lancet 1999 354 1508-1513. 

Table 6. Thresholds of urinary cadmium concentration for abnormal values of urinary markers of renal tubular effects found in the Cadmibel study population with long-term low-level environmental cadmium exposure. ...

A striking and unexpected outcome of the Cadmibel study was the clear-cut interference of the low-level Cd exposure with calcium metabolism. For example, when urinary Cd excretion increased twofold, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary calcium ex-... 

Bernard, A., Roels, H., Bucket, J.R., Cardenas, A., Lawerys, R., 1992. Assessment of the causality of the cadmium-protein relationships in the urine of the general population with reference to the Cadmibel study. In Norberg, G.F., Herber, R.F.M., Alessio, L. (Eds.), Cadmium in the Human Environment Toxicity and Carcinogenicity. lARC, Lyon, pp. 341-346. 

Tables 13.4 and 13.5 tabulate cross-sectional epidemiological data for nonoccupational populations sustaining cardiovascular effects from lead exposures using either PbB (Table 13.4) or bone Pb measurements (Table 13.5) as the exposure indicator and BP and/or hypertension as the toxic endpoints. The largest cohorts among these stodies used the exposure marker PbB the U.S. NHANES 11, NHANES 111, and more recent NHANES nationwide surveys (Den Hond et al., 2002 Muntner et al., 2005 Nash et al., 2003 Schwartz 1988 Scinicariello et al., 2010 Vupputuri et al., 2003) and the international surveys. Health Survey for England (HSE Bost et al., 1999), the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS Pocock et al., 1988), and the Belgian Cadmibel Study (BCS Staessen et al., 1993).

Belgian Cadmibel Study (N = 965 men, N= 1,016 women) PbB mean = 11.4 (J.g/dl, men PbB mean = 7.5 ig/ dl, women Serum creatinine, 32-microglobulin, measured and calculated creatinine clearances Ln-transformed PbB was linked to reduced creatinine clearance in both genders Staessen et al. (1992)... 

Lauwerys R, Bernard A, Buchet JP, Roels H, Bruaux P, Claeys F, Ducoffre G, DePlaen P, Staessen J, Amery A et al. (1991) Does environmental cadmium represent a health risk Conclusions from the Cadmibel study. Acta Clin Belg 46 219-225... 

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