Cadmium Cadmibel study

A negative correlation was found between PbB and systolic pressure in Belgian men in the Cadmibel study (a cross-sectional population study of the health effects of environmental exposure to cadmium) (Staessen et al. 1991). In this study, blood pressure and urinary cation (positive ions found in the urine, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) concentration data were obtained from 963 men and 1,019 women multiple stepwise regression analyses were conducted adjusting for age, body mass index, pulse... 

A striking and unexpected outcome of the Cadmibel study was the clear-cut interference of fhe low-level Cd exposure with calcium metabolism. For example, when urinary Cd excretion increased twofold, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary calcium excretion rose by 3-4% and 0.25 mmol/24h respectively [142]. The dose (CdU)-response rate of increased calciuria (>9.8 mmol/24h) suggested a 10% prevalence of hy-percalciuria when CdU exceeded 1.9 pg Cd/24h [38]. Hypercalciuria should be considered an early adverse tubulotoxic effect, because it may exacerbate the development of osteoporosis, especially in the elderly. A prospective study from 1992-1995 (median follow-up of 6.6 years) in the above-mentioned Cadmibel subcohort from the rural area showed for a two-fold increase in urinary Cd a significant (p<0.02) decrease of 0.01 g/ cm in forearm bone density in post-menopausal women. In addition, the relative risks associated with doubled urinary Cd were 1.73 (95% Cl 1.16-2.57 p=0.007) for fractures in women and 1.60 (0.94-2.72 p=0.08) for height loss in men. Cadmium excretion in the four... 

Lauwerys R, Amery A, Bernard A, Bruaux P, Buchet JP, Claeys F, De Plaen P, Ducoffre G, Fagard R, LIjnen P, Nick L, Roels H, Rondia D, Saint-Remy A, Sartor F, Staessen J. Health effects of environmental exposure to cadmium objectives, design and organization of the Cadmibel study a cross-sectional morbidity study carried out in Belgium from 1985 to 1989. Environ Health Perspect 1990 87 283-289. 

Hotz Ph, Buchet JP, Bernard A, Lison D, Lauwerys R. Renal effects of low-level environmental cadmium exposure 5-year follow-up of a subcohort from the Cadmibel study. Lancet 1999 354 1508-1513. 

Table 6. Thresholds of urinary cadmium concentration for abnormal values of urinary markers of renal tubular effects found in the Cadmibel study population with long-term low-level environmental cadmium exposure. ...

Bernard, A., Roels, H., Bucket, J.R., Cardenas, A., Lawerys, R., 1992. Assessment of the causality of the cadmium-protein relationships in the urine of the general population with reference to the Cadmibel study. In Norberg, G.F., Herber, R.F.M., Alessio, L. (Eds.), Cadmium in the Human Environment Toxicity and Carcinogenicity. lARC, Lyon, pp. 341-346. 

Lauwerys R, Bernard A, Buchet JP, Roels H, Bruaux P, Claeys F, Ducoffre G, DePlaen P, Staessen J, Amery A et al. (1991) Does environmental cadmium represent a health risk Conclusions from the Cadmibel study. Acta Clin Belg 46 219-225... 

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