Butyrate-producing bacteria

Barcenilla, A., Pryde, S.E., Martin, J.C., Duncan, S.H., Stewart, C.S., Henderson, C., and Flint, H.J., Phylogenetic relationships of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human gut, Appl Environ. Microbiol, 66, 1654, 2000. 

The authors proposed that butyrate producers may be protective in diseases such as type II diabetes, a fact that was supported in a study using gut microbiota transplantation from lean donors to patients with metabolic syndrome that demonstrated improved insulin sensitivity in conjunction with a rise in known butyrate producing bacteria, such as those related to Roseburia... 

Duncan SH, Barcenilla A, Stewart CS, Pryde SE, Flint HJ. Acetate utilization and butyryl coenzyme A (CoA) acetate-CoA transferase in butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 68 5186-5190. 

Duncan SH, Belenguer A, Holtrop G, Johnstone AM, Flint HJ, Lobley GE. Reduced dietary intake of carbohydrates by obese subjects results in decreased concentrations of butyrate and butyrate-producing bacteria in feces. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 73 1073-1078. 

Scott KP, Martin JC, Duncan SH, Flint HJ. Prebiotic stimulation of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria and bifidobacteria, in vitro. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2014 87 30-40. 

One way to rule out "genetically induced," or "HFD-induced" factors when hying to delineate the role of gut microbiota in obesity development is to carry out a fecal transplantation from "naturally occurring" obese mice to healthy, lean, "conventionally reared" recipients. A similar approach was used in a recent human study where fecal microbiota transplantation from lean donors to obese patients with metabolic syndrome improved insulin sensitivity and increased the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. ... 

Addition of a whey paste plus a nisin-producing strain of S. lactis to silage has been suggested as a means of preventing development of butyric acid bacteria in the fodder. Further information on conversion of dairy and other food processing wastes to useful products appears in a review by Cousin (1980). 

In a field digester these steady-state values would also be affected by the fact that most of the volatile acids and cations (NH4 ) would be generated internally with some carbon dioxide being produced by the acid-producing bacteria. Acids other than acetic are also formed, and it is of interest to compare the steady state conditions for other volatile acids with those of acetic. The formulas for converting propionic and butyric acids to microorganisms, methane, and carbon dioxide are given in Equations 32 and 33. 

Le Blay G, Michel C, Blottiere HM, Cherbut C. Prolonged intake of fructo-oligosaccharides induces a short-term elevation of lactic acid-producing bacteria and a persistent increase in cecal butyrate in rats. / Nutr. 1999 129 2231-2235. 

The latest mechanism via which gut bacteria have been shown to exert their effect on inflammation is via impact on regulatory T cells. Butyrate produced by commensal bacterial fermentation, as well as propionate, are reportedly able to promote regulatory T-cell generation in the colon, which are anti-inflammatory in nature. 

Much of the resistant and slowly hydrolysed starch is fermented by bacteria in the colon, and a proportion of the products of bacterial metabolism, including short-chain fatty acids, may be absorbed and metabolized. As discussed in section 7.3.3.2, butyrate produced by bacterial fermentation of resistant starch and non-starch polysaccharides has an antiproliferative action against tumour cells in culture, and may provide protection against the development of colorectal cancer. 

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