Butyl acetate, physical properties

In oxalic acid a slight swelling (5%) occurs for butyl vulcanisates and as such physical properties are not very much affected. Acetic acid on the other hand attacks the black... 

Commonly used water-immiscible solvents in industrial-scale processes include alcohols (isobutanol, -butanol), ketones (particularly methyl isobutyl ketone), acetates (butyl, ethyl, isopropyl), hydrocarbons (toluene, hexanes), and methylene chloride. These solvents are inexpensive, readily available, and exhibit physical properties of low viscosity and density significantly different from water. Common water-miscible solvents are the alcohols (particularly methanol). For laboratory-scale processes, the selection is greater since selection is not constrained by economics. Craig and Sogn (16) have prepared an extensive compilation of such solvents. 

Amyl acetate ( -mil AS-uh-tate) is a colorless liquid with a distinctive banana-like flavor and odor. Three major isomers of amyl acetate exist normal (rc-amyl), secondary Uec-amyl), and isoamyl (3-methyl-i-butyl) acetate. Isomers are two or more forms of a chemical compound with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas and different chemical and physical properties. As an example, the boiling points of the three isomers of amyl acetate are 149.2°C (300.6°F), 142.o°C (287.6° ), and 140.o°C (284.0° ), respectively. Although the amyl acetates are probably best known as flavoring agents because of their distinctive banana-like flavor, they all have a number of interesting industrial applications also. 

Polar copolymers of ethylene, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and ethylene-ethyl acrylate (EEA), are readily crosslinked upon exposure to high energy irradiation [88]. In fact, the melt index of EVA can be controlled by the use of low doses (<50 kGy) of irradiation [89]. The presence in polar ethylene copolymers of comonomer units such as vinyl acetate or alkyl acrylates (methyl, ethyl and n-butyl) proportionately reduces the level of crystallinity, and since the majority of radiation responses of interest take place in the amorphous phase, the responses are more uniform throughout the polymer mass. When the irradiation is done at room temperature, the physical properties after irradiation follow the same trend as polyethylene [90]. 

Three candidate acetates will be studied in detailed process simulations to demonstrate the factors needed to be considered in determining the suitable entrainer for this system. The three candidate acetates to be considered are ethyl acetate (Tanaka and Yamada and Siirola ), isobutyl acetate (iBuAc) (Costantini et al. and Patten and Ure ), and w-butyl acetate (Othmer °). The important experimental physical properties of these three acetates at atmospheric pressure are listed in Table 9.1. The azeotropic data are from Horsley and Gmehling, the VLB data are from Gmehling and Onken, with the VLB data for acetic acid-isobutyl acetate system from Christensen and Olson. " The binary and ternary BBB data are from Sprensen and Arlt. ... 

Chemical Designations — Synonyms Acetic Acid, Butyl Ester Butyl Acetate Butyl Ethanoate Chemical Formula CHjCOO(CH2)3CH3 Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Characteristic agreeable fruity (in low concentrations) non residual. Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15 "C and 1 atm. Liquid Molecular Weight 116.16 Boiling Point at 1 atm. 259, 126, 399 Freezing Point ... 

Physical and Chemical Properties. The (F)- and (Z)-isomers of cinnamaldehyde are both known. (F)-Cinnamaldehyde [14371-10-9] is generally produced commercially and its properties are given in Table 2. Cinnamaldehyde undergoes reactions that are typical of an a,P-unsaturated aromatic aldehyde. Slow oxidation to cinnamic acid is observed upon exposure to air. This process can be accelerated in the presence of transition-metal catalysts such as cobalt acetate (28). Under more vigorous conditions with either nitric or chromic acid, cleavage at the double bond occurs to afford benzoic acid. Epoxidation of cinnamaldehyde via a conjugate addition mechanism is observed upon treatment with a salt of /-butyl hydroperoxide (29). 

Chemical pretreatments with amines, silanes, or addition of dispersants improve physical disaggregation of CNTs and help in better dispersion of the same in rubber matrices. Natural rubber (NR), ethylene-propylene-diene-methylene rubber, butyl rubber, EVA, etc. have been used as the rubber matrices so far. The resultant nanocomposites exhibit superiority in mechanical, thermal, flame retardancy, and processibility. George et al. [26] studied the effect of functionalized and unfunctionalized MWNT on various properties of high vinyl acetate (50 wt%) containing EVA-MWNT composites. Figure 4.5 displays the TEM image of functionalized nanombe-reinforced EVA nanocomposite. 

---