Burnishing

Bonded Solid-Film Lubricants. Although a thin film of soHd lubricant that is burnished onto a wearing surface often is useful for break-in operations, over 95% are resin bonded for improved life and performance (62). Use of adhesive binders permits apphcations of coatings 5—20 p.m thick by spraying, dipping, or bmshing as dispersions in a volatile solvent. Some commonly used bonded lubricant films are Hsted in Table 12 (62) with a more extensive listing in Reference 61. 

The characteristics of interior paints that require testing and analysis include hiding and appearance, package stabiHty, adhesion, spatter resistance, flow and leveling, color and sheen uniformity, touch-up, stain removal, burnish resistance, and block and print resistance. A popular test that assesses the wet abrasion resistance of an interior paint is to measure its scmb resistance. A mechanical device is used to scmb a paint film of a specified thickness with a standard bmsh and abrasive cleanser suspension. The number of scmb cycles (back and forth movements of the weighted bmsh) at various end points (first cut through, or 50% removal of the film) is then recorded. Scmb resistance usually holds steady or decreases slightly as PVC is increased, but drops quickly once the CPVC is exceeded in a paint formulation. 

Industrial and institutional floor care demands poHshes that accommodate the needs of machine-centered maintenance. The development of machines that buff or burnish with rotational speeds from 1000 to 2000 rpm has produced poHsh formulations that are balanced to accommodate the process (32—36). 

Type I, soft alloys (20—22-carat golds), are used for inlays of simpler non-stress-bearing types. Type I gold alloys can be burnished, and are not heat-treatable. They are composed essentially of gold—silver—copper with minor modifying additions, eg, zinc. 

Type II, medium-hard alloys, are harder, stronger, and have lower elongation than type I alloys. They are used for moderate stress appHcation, eg, three-quarter crowns, abutments, pontics, full crowns, and saddles. The type II gold alloys are difficult to burnish, and can usually be heat-treated. 

Type III, hard alloys, are the hardest, strongest, and least ductile of the inlay casting alloys. Thek use is indicated for restorations requked to resist large forces such as three-quarter crowns, abutments, pontics, supports for appHances, and precision-fitting inlays. These alloys cannot be burnished, and heat treatment improves all thek physical properties, except ductihty, which is greatly decreased. 

Braunelle, /. self-heal (Prunella vulgaria). braunen, v.t. brown dye brown bronze burnish. 

Brumerbeize, /. (Metal.) bronzing pickle, brumeren, brUnieren, v.t. burnish, polish ... 

Gerbstahl, m. shear steel, refined iron polishing steel, burnisher. 

The cutting fluid has to cool and lubricate without allowing grinding debris to clog (or load) the surface of the wheel. This could produce a burnished surface rather than a ground one - which might appear satisfactory but would be metallurgically unsound. 

Suk, M. and GUlis, D., Effect of Slider Burnish on Disk Damage During Dynamic Load/Unload," ASME J. Tribol., Vol. 120,1998, pp. 332-338. 

I make jewelry, and I m a care assistant, she says, and the way his gaze sharpens makes me realize they re much of an age. Amused and touched, I half-listen to their talk of burnishing and annealing and the properties of titanium, and try to work out my approach to Fergus. 

In the studio Morgan s holding a small sculpture of burnished golden metal to the light from the window a series of roundels assembled at odd angles, so that they seem to shift and gleam, at once irresistible to my gaze and impossible to see. 

Burnishing is the process of finish sizing or smooth finishing a workpiece (previously machined or ground) by displacement, rather than removal, of minute surface irregularities. It is accomplished with a smooth point or line-contact and fixed or rotating tools. 

Cutting, grinding, and shaping stone, and in particular burnishing and polishing the surface of stone as well as metals, requires the use of abrasive materials that are harder than the solids to be cut, ground, burnished, or polished. Sapphire and ruby, two very hard gemstones, for example, can be cut or polished only with the assistance of diamond powder, an abrasive that is harder than sapphire or ruby. Diamond is the hardest material... 

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