Grinding debris

The cutting fluid has to cool and lubricate without allowing grinding debris to clog (or load) the surface of the wheel. This could produce a burnished surface rather than a ground one - which might appear satisfactory but would be metallurgically unsound. 

The machining approach involves measm-ement of forces coupled with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) observation of surface topography and grinding debris. 

Soil samples are collected at depths of at least 40-50 cm and below any stone debris, tree roots and the cultivated layer. Samples are air dried, and then sieved and bagged immediately. Mechanical grinding must be avoided or Hg may be thermally released during the resulting heating. Prolonged storage of samples may result in loss of Hg by vaporisation or in sample contamination. 

Three types of commercially available crushing/grinding equipment potentially are applicable to reducing the size of the explosives-contaminated debris ... 

Abrasive Wear Abrasion This category of wear is commonly associated with the action of abrasive papers and grinding wheels, where the mechanistic process has been identified as a variant of the kind of chip formation seen in machining—.t.e. plastic deformation and shear. The OECD Research Group defines abrasive wear as "the displacement of material...by the presence of hard protuberances, or by the presence of hard particles either between the surfaces or embedded in one of them" [52]. Abrasive wear is basically plastic deformation that produces wear debris in the form of microchips therefore on diagnostic examination, the external appearance of the loose wear particles should be compatible with this process as their origin. 

Strychnine is prepared from the seeds by grinding them to a paste with slaked lime and water. The paste is dried and mixed with a suitable organic solvent (formerly benzene was used, but now less harmful solvents are substituted, e.g. chloroform). The slaked lime makes the mixture alkaline and under these conditions the strychnine dissolves readily in organic (i.e. oily) but not water-based solvents. The particulate debris is then removed by filtration and the liquid shaken with dilute sulphuric acid. This neutralises the effects of the lime and when the organic solvent and acid layers separate (cf. oil and vinegar salad dressing) the strychnine is dissolved in the latter. The organic solvent is decanted from the strychnine solution which is rendered alkaline by the addition of either ammonia or sodium hydroxide. This drastically reduces the... 

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