Bulges

Above approximately 80 km, the prominent bulge in electron concentration is called the ionosphere. In this region ions are created from UV photoionization of the major constituents—O, NO, N2 and O2. The ionosphere has a profound effect on radio conmumications since electrons reflect radio waves with the same frequency as the plasma frequency, f = 8.98 x where 11 is the electron density in [147]. The... 

Minimum thickness requirements are 11/2 times the indentation diagonal measurement, and there should be no visible marking or bulge visible on the side opposite the indentation.The Vickers test is based on a plane surface however, correction tables are available for both convex and concave surfaces (see ASTM E92) (2). 

In the incident some of the "hot" tubes became overheated, and started to bulge. Eventually one of the tubes burst open and the contents of the boiler were discharged into the environment. No one was injured in the explosion, but it took several months to repair the boiler and the cost was heavy. In order to prevent another accident, a materials specialist was called in to examine the failed tube and comment on the reasons for the failure. 

Milner-White, E.J., Poet, R. Loops, bulges, turns and hairpins in proteins. Trends Biochem. Sd. 

Figure 5.23 The globular head of the hemagglutinin subunit Is a distorted jelly roll stmcture (a). P strand 1 contains a long Insertion, and P strand 8 contains a bulge in the corresponding position. Each of these two strands is therefore subdivided Into shorter P strands. The loop region between P strands 3 and 4 contains a short a helix, which forms one side of the receptor binding site (yellow circle). A schematic diagram (b) Illustrates the organization of the p strands into a jelly roll motif.

Figure 16.19 Schematic drawing illustrating the structure and sequence of the RNA fragment that is recognized and bound by the coat protein of bacteriophage MS2. The RNA fragment forms a base-paired stem with a bulge at base -10 and a loop of four bases. Bases that form sequence-specific Interactions with the coat protein are red. (Adapted from a diagram provided by L. Llljas.)...

In dc magnetic applications, an air-gap is usually required somewhere along the magnetic path of the core. In ferrite cores, the gap is placed in the center-leg of the core. The flux leaves one end of the core and flows towards the opposing end. The flux, though, repels itself and causes the flux lines to bulge out away from the centerline of the core. The presence of an air-gap creates an area... 

A cylindrical polypropylene bottle is used to store a liquid under pressure. It is designed with a 4 mm skirt around the base so that it will continue to stand upright when the base bulges under pressure. If the diameter of the bottle is 64 mm and it has a uniform wall thickness of 2.5 mm, estimate the maximum internal pressure which can be used if the container must not rock on its base after one year. Calculate also the diameter change which would occur in the bottle after one year under pressure. 

Fig. 6. above) Molecular graphics images of an archetypal flattened toroidal model of a nanotube with n = 5 and m = 4 at three different orientations (0, 5, 10, 15°) in a plane perpendicular to the paper, below) Resulting simulated TEM images of the nanotube at the above orientations to the electron beam note that even the spring onion-like bulges at the ends are reproduced. 

Bulging or caving of a duct The maximum deflection that occurs in the sides of a duct due to negative (caving) or positive (bulging) pressure differences. The reference plane is that existing with no pressure difference. 

Vessel Expansion. In most cases, vessels rupture without significant expansion. In most cases in which a vessel is exposed to external fire, the vessel wall temperature distribution is very uneven. Then, typically, only a small bulge is produced before... 

Apparently triggered by an earthquake of Richter magnitude 5.0, die endre north slope burst open along the upper edge of die bulge, releasing the... 

---