Bud moths

Hill, A., Card6, R., Comeau, A., Bode, W. and Roelofs, W. (1974). Sex pheromones of the tufted apple bud moth (Platynota ideausalis). Environmental Entomology 3 ... 

The sunflower budworm or bud moth (Suleima helianthana Riley), considered a minor pest of the sunflower in which damage is sporadic, also feeds on the Jerusalem artichoke (Pedraza-Martinez, 1990 Rogers, 1979). In North America, the insect is found from Maryland to California and south to Mexico. Damage is caused by larval feeding, typically on the apical bud or axils of upper leaves, producing distorted, misshapen plants. Young larvae act as leaf miners or enter a leaf rib, while older larvae enter and feed on buds, leaf axils, stems, and bracts. 

Rogers, C.E., Sunflower bud moth behavior and impact of the larva on sunflower seed production in the southern plains, Environ. Entomol., 8, 113-116, 1979. 

The fatty acid content of the ovipositor tips of a variety of Lepidopteran species were determined by acid methanolysis followed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) (4.). In each case, unusual fatty acids corresponding to pheromone components were identified. For example, the tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis, uses (E)—11—tetradecenyl acetate and alcohol as pheromone components (5.) and also contains (E) -11—tetradecenoic acid in its ovipositor tip. In several species, the fatty acid content of the rest of the insect also was determined. In each instance, the unusual fatty acid components were found only in the ovipositor tip or in the pheromone-producing gland located in the tip. 

Table 5.11. Comparison of apple bud moth Spilonota ocellana) and green bud moth (Hedya...

Leaves webbed together. Cause Bud moths. These Vs", greenish white caterpillars web together and feed on the tips of new holly shoots in May. Fully grown larvae usually drop to the ground and overwinter in plant debris. Remove fallen leaves around plants. Destroy webs and handpick caterpillars. Spray leaves with BTK in April and May. 

M. salicifolia and displayed mosquitocidal activity on fourth instar Aedes aegyptii L. Culicidae at 15,25, 30,60, 80, and 100 ppm, respectively in 24 h [11, 12] (Table 2). Additionally, the sequential hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of M. denudata and M. kobus var. stellata demonstrated growth inhibitory activity on gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) at 250 ppm [12], Citral and the phenylpropanoids are common in the essential oils of many plant genera. Citral, tram-anethole, and methyl chavicol have been detected in the essential oils of M. salicifolia and M. kobus [70, 71], Methyl eugenol has been detected in trace quantities by GC and MS in the leaf, branchlet, and essential oils from the flower bud of M. liliflora Desr. [72],... 

B.A. Bierl-Leonhardt, J.R. Plimmer, A.N. Sparks, N. Primiani, O.L. Chapman, G. Lepone, and G.H. Lee Sex Pheromone Chemistry of the Female Tobacco Bud-worm Moth Heliothis virescens. J. Chem. Ecol. 6,177-183 (1980). 

---